A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, PET da aka sake yin fa'ida da polyolefins za su iya ci gaba da yin gasa tare da robobin budurwa masu arha.Amma kuma za a yi tasiri ga kasuwannin da ba a san su ba da manufofin gwamnati marasa tabbas da kuma shawarar masu mallakar alama.
Wadancan abubuwa ne guda biyu daga rukunin kasuwannin shekara-shekara a taron sake yin amfani da Filastik na 2019 da Nunin Ciniki, wanda aka gudanar a watan Maris a National Harbor, Md. A yayin zaman taron, Joel Morales da Tison Keel, dukkansu na kamfanin ba da shawara na IHS Markit, sun tattauna. yanayin kasuwa don robobin budurwa kuma yayi bayanin yadda waɗannan abubuwan zasu matsa lamba akan farashin kayan da aka dawo dasu.
A cikin tattaunawa game da kasuwannin PET, Keel ya yi amfani da hotunan abubuwa da yawa da ke haɗuwa don haifar da cikakkiyar hadari.
"Kasuwar mai siyarwa ce a cikin 2018 saboda dalilai da yawa da za mu iya tattaunawa, amma mun sake komawa cikin kasuwar mai siye," in ji Keel ga taron.“Amma tambayar da nake yi wa kaina kuma ya kamata mu tambayi kanmu ita ce, ‘Wace rawa sake yin amfani da shi zai taka a cikin haka?Idan yanayin ya zama hadari, sake yin amfani da shi zai taimaka wajen kwantar da ruwan, ko kuma zai sa ruwan zai iya zama tashin hankali?'
Morales da Keel kuma sun yarda da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda suka fi wahalar hasashen, waɗanda suka haɗa da manufofin dorewa na gwamnati, yanke shawara mai siyan samfuran, fasahar sake amfani da sinadarai da ƙari.
Yawancin mahimman abubuwan da aka tattauna yayin gabatar da wannan shekara sun yi daidai da waɗanda aka bincika a cikin wani kwamiti a taron na 2018.
A gefe guda, a ƙarshen watan da ya gabata, Sabunta Sake Amfani da Filastik ya rubuta game da gabatarwa a kan kwamitin Chris Cui, darektan Shirye-shiryen China na Abokan Rufe Madaidaicin Matsala.Ta tattauna kan harkokin kasuwa da damammakin hadin gwiwar kasuwanci tsakanin Sin da Amurka
Polyethylene: Morales ya bayyana yadda ci gaban fasaha a cikin hakar mai a cikin lokacin 2008 ya haifar da haɓaka samarwa da faɗuwar farashin iskar gas.Sakamakon haka, kamfanonin petrochemicals sun saka hannun jari a cikin tsire-tsire don kera PE.
Morales, babban darektan polyolefins na Arewacin Amurka ya ce "An sami babban jari a cikin sarkar polyethylene bisa rahusa tsammanin ethane, wanda shine ruwan iskar gas."Dabarar da ke bayan waɗannan saka hannun jari ita ce fitar da budurwar PE daga Amurka
Wannan fa'idar fa'idar iskar gas akan mai ya ragu tun lokacin, amma IHS Markit har yanzu yana hasashen fa'idar da ke gaba, in ji shi.
A cikin 2017 da 2018, bukatun duniya na PE, musamman daga China, ya karu.Ya ce, takunkumin da kasar Sin ta yi kan shigo da kayayyaki na PE da aka kwato, da kuma manufofin kasar na yin amfani da karin iskar iskar gas mai tsafta don dumama (wanda ya aika da bukatar bututun HDPE ta cikin rufin).Morales ya ce, adadin ci gaban buƙatun ya ragu tun daga lokacin, amma ana hasashen zai kasance da ƙarfi sosai.
Ya tabo batun yakin cinikayya tsakanin Amurka da Sin, inda ya kira harajin da kasar Sin ta dora kan manyan robobin Amurka a matsayin bala'i ga masu kera polyethylene na Amurka.IHS Markit ya kiyasta cewa tun daga ranar 23 ga watan Agusta, lokacin da ayyukan suka fara aiki, masu kera sun yi asarar 3-5 cents a kowace laban akan kowace fam ɗin da suke samarwa, suna yanke zuwa ribar riba.Kamfanin yana ɗauka a cikin hasashensa cewa za a ɗage jadawalin kuɗin fito nan da 2020.
A bara, buƙatun PE ya kasance mai girma a cikin Amurka, saboda ƙarancin farashi na filastik, haɓakar GDP mai ƙarfi gabaɗaya, Kamfen ɗin da aka yi a Amurka da jadawalin kuɗin fito da ke tallafawa masu canjin gida, kasuwar bututu mai ƙarfi saboda saka hannun jarin mai, Hurricane Harvey yana tuƙi buƙatun bututu. , Ingantacciyar gasa ta PE tare da PET da PP da dokar haraji ta tarayya da ke tallafawa saka hannun jari na inji, in ji Morales.
Sa ido kan samar da kayayyaki na farko, 2019 za ta kasance shekarar bukatu da za a iya samarwa, in ji shi, wanda ke nufin farashin ya kai ga kasa.Amma kuma ba a tsammanin za su tashi sosai.A cikin 2020, wani yunƙurin ƙarfin shuka ya zo kan layi, yana tura wadatar sama da buƙatun da ake hasashen.
"Menene ma'anar wannan?"Morales ya tambaya."Daga hangen nesa mai siyar da resin, yana nufin cewa ƙila ana iya ƙalubalantar ikon ku na haɓaka farashi da ragi.[Don] babban mai siyan guduro, tabbas lokaci ne mai kyau don siye."
Kasuwannin robobin da aka sake yin fa'ida sun makale a tsakiya, in ji shi.Ya yi magana da masu sake karɓowa waɗanda samfuran dole ne su yi gogayya da arha mai arha, PE mai fa'ida mai fa'ida.Yana sa ran sharuɗɗan siyarwar za su kasance daidai da yadda suke a yau, in ji shi.
"An yi babban saka hannun jari a sarkar polyethylene bisa rahusa tsammanin ethane, wanda shine ruwan iskar gas," - Joel Morales, IHS Markit
Mafi wahalan hasashe shine illar manufofin gwamnati, kamar dokar hana jakunkuna a duniya, bambaro da sauran abubuwan amfani guda ɗaya.Motsin dorewa na iya rage buƙatar guduro, amma kuma yana iya haɓaka wasu buƙatun sinadarai tare da damar sake amfani da su, in ji shi.
Misali, dokar jakunkuna ta California ta hana siraran jaka ta sa na'urori su kara samar da masu kauri.Sakon da IHS Markit ya samu shine masu siye, maimakon wankewa da sake amfani da jakunkuna masu kauri sau da yawa, suna amfani da su azaman masu jigilar shara, duk da haka."Don haka, a wannan yanayin, sake yin fa'ida ya ƙara yawan buƙatar polyethylene," in ji shi.
A wani wuri, kamar a Argentina, haramcin jakunkuna ya rage kasuwancin budurwar PE amma ya haɓaka ta ga masu kera PP, waɗanda ke siyar da robobin don jakunkuna na PP, in ji shi.
Polypropylene: PP ya kasance kasuwa mai mahimmanci na dogon lokaci amma ya fara daidaitawa, in ji Morales.A Arewacin Amurka a shekarar da ta gabata, masu kera ba za su iya samar da isassun samfuran da za su gamsar da buƙatu ba, duk da haka kasuwa ta haɓaka da kashi 3 cikin ɗari.Hakan ya faru ne saboda shigo da kayayyaki sun cike gibin kusan kashi 10 na bukatu, in ji shi.
Amma rashin daidaituwa ya kamata a sauƙaƙe tare da karuwar wadata a cikin 2019. Na ɗaya, babu "daskare mai ban mamaki" a cikin Janairu a cikin Gulf Coast kamar a cikin 2018, in ji shi, kuma samar da propylene feedstock ya karu.Har ila yau, masu samar da PP sun gano hanyoyin da za a cire kwalban da kuma ƙara yawan ƙarfin samarwa.IHS Markit yana aiwatar da kusan fam biliyan 1 na samarwa don zuwa kan layi a Arewacin Amurka.Sakamakon haka, suna sa ran ganin raguwar gibin farashi tsakanin PP mai rahusa na kasar Sin da PP na cikin gida.
"Na san wannan matsala ce ga wasu mutane a cikin sake yin fa'ida saboda, yanzu, PP mai fa'ida da ragi na PP suna nunawa a farashin farashi da kuma wuraren [inda] kuna iya yin kasuwanci," in ji Morales."Wataƙila hakan zai zama yanayin da za ku fuskanta mafi yawan 2019."
Budurwar PET da sinadarai da ke shiga cikinta an cika su da yawa kamar PE, in ji Keel, babban darektan PET, PTA da EO.
A sakamakon haka, "ba a bayyana ko wane ne zai yi nasara ba a cikin kasuwancin PET da aka sake sarrafa," in ji shi.
A duk duniya, buƙatun PET na budurwa shine kashi 78 na ƙarfin samarwa.A cikin kasuwancin polymers na kayayyaki, idan buƙatun bai kai kashi 85 cikin ɗari ba, ana iya samun kasuwa da yawa, yana mai da wahalar samun riba, in ji Keel.
"Mafi kyawun shari'ar ita ce farashin samar da RPET zai yi laushi, zai iya zama mafi girma.A kowane hali, ya fi farashin budurwa PET.Shin masu amfani da RPET, waɗanda ke fitar da kyawawan manufofi na abubuwan da aka sake fa'ida a cikin kwantenansu, za su yarda su biya waɗannan farashin mafi girma?"- Tison Keel, IHS Markit
Bukatar cikin gida tana da ɗan lebur.Kasuwancin abubuwan sha na carbonated yana raguwa amma haɓakar ruwan kwalba ya isa ya daidaita hakan, in ji Keel.
Ana sa ran rashin daidaiton buƙatun wadata zai yi muni tare da ƙarin ƙarfin samarwa yana zuwa kan layi."Abin da muke zuwa a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa babban gini ne," in ji shi.
Keel ya ce masana'antun suna yin aiki da hankali kuma ya ba da shawarar su rufe ikon samar da kayayyaki don kawo wadata da buƙatu cikin daidaito mafi kyau;sai dai babu wanda ya sanar da shirin yin hakan.Kamfanin kemikal na Italiya Mossi Ghisolfi (M&G) ya yi kokarin gina hanyarsa ta fita daga cikin yanayi ta hanyar kafa wata katafariyar kamfanin PET da PTA a Corpus Christi, Texas, amma karancin ruwa da tsadar ayyukan ya mamaye kamfanin a karshen shekarar 2017. Kamfanin hadin gwiwa mai suna Corpus Christi Polymers sun yarda su sayi aikin kuma su kawo shi akan layi.
Keel ya lura cewa shigo da kaya ya ta'azzara ƙarancin farashi.{Asar Amirka na ci gaba da shigo da manyan PET.Masu sana'o'in cikin gida sun yi yunkurin dakile gasar kasashen waje tare da korafe-korafe da suka kai ga gwamnatin tarayya.Ayyukan hana zubar da jini sun canza tushen PET - ya rage yawan adadin da ke fitowa daga China, alal misali - amma bai sami damar rage yawan nauyin da ke isa tashar jiragen ruwa na Amurka ba, in ji shi.
Gabaɗayan hoton da ake buƙata na samar da kayayyaki zai nuna ƙarancin farashin PET na budurwa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, in ji Keel.Wannan ƙalubale ne da ke fuskantar masu karɓar PET.
Ana sa ran masu kera RPET na kwalban za su sami ƙayyadaddun farashi don yin samfuran su, in ji shi.
"Mafi kyawun shari'ar shine farashin samar da RPET zai kasance mai laushi, zai iya zama mafi girma," in ji Keel.“A kowane hali, ya fi farashin budurwa PET.Shin masu amfani da RPET, waɗanda ke fitar da kyawawan manufofi na abubuwan da aka sake fa'ida a cikin kwantenansu, za su kasance a shirye su biya waɗannan manyan farashin?Ba ina cewa ba za su yi ba.A tarihi, a Arewacin Amirka, ba su da.A Turai, yanzu sun kasance saboda dalilai da yawa - tsari ya bambanta da direbobi a Amurka Amma wannan babbar tambaya ce da ya rage a amsa. "
Dangane da sake yin amfani da kwalabe-zuwa-kwalba, wani ƙalubale ga samfuran abin sha shine sha'awar "ƙasa" daga masana'antar fiber don RPET, in ji Keel.Wannan masana'antar tana cinye fiye da kashi uku cikin huɗu na RPET da ake samarwa kowace shekara.Direba farashi ne kawai: Yana da arha sosai don samar da fiber mai mahimmanci daga PET da aka gano fiye da kayan budurwa, in ji shi.
Wani ci gaba mai tasowa don kallo shine babban masana'antar PET da ke haɗa ƙarfin sake amfani da injina.Misali, a wannan shekara DAK Americas ta sayi masana'antar sake yin amfani da su ta PET Perpetual Recycling Solutions a Indiana, kuma Indorama Ventures ta sami masana'antar Custom Polymers PET a Alabama."Zan yi mamaki idan ba mu ga ƙarin wannan aikin ba," in ji Keel.
Keel ya ce sabbin masu mallakar za su iya ciyar da tsaftataccen gyale a cikin wuraren aikin guduro na narke-lokaci don su ba wa masu alamar pellet ɗin da aka sake yin fa'ida.Hakan zai, a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, rage adadin RPET na kwalabe a kasuwar 'yan kasuwa, in ji shi.
Kamfanonin Petrochemical kuma suna saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin lalata kayan aikin PET.Indorama, alal misali, ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da farawar sake amfani da sinadarai na PET a duka Turai da Arewacin Amurka.Wadancan hanyoyin sake yin amfani da su, idan ta hanyar fasaha da tattalin arziki, na iya zama babban mai kawo cikas ga kasuwa a cikin shekaru 8 zuwa 10, in ji Keel.
Amma matsalar da ke daɗewa ita ce ƙarancin tarin PET a Arewacin Amurka, musamman Amurka, in ji Keel.A cikin 2017, kusan kashi 29.2 cikin 100 na kwalaben PET da aka sayar a Amurka an tattara su don sake amfani da su, bisa ga rahoton shekara-shekara daga Ƙungiyar Kula da Albarkatun Kwantena ta PET (NAPCOR) da Ƙungiyar Masu Sake Maimaituwa (APR).Don kwatantawa, an kiyasta adadin a kashi 58 a cikin 2017.
"Ta yaya za mu iya biyan buƙatun da masu tambura ke bayarwa a wurin yayin da farashin tattara ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma ta yaya za mu haɓaka su?"Ya tambaya."Ba ni da amsar wannan."
Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da dokokin ajiya, Keel ya ce yana tsammanin suna aiki da kyau don hana zuriyar dabbobi, haɓaka tarin yawa da samar da ingantattun bales.A baya, masu alamar abin sha sun yi ta zaburarwa a kansu, duk da haka, saboda ƙarin cent ɗin da mabukaci ya biya a rajista yana rage yawan tallace-tallace.
"Ban tabbata ba a halin yanzu inda manyan masu mallakar tambarin suke daga hangen nesa game da dokokin ajiya.A tarihi, sun yi adawa da dokokin ajiya,” in ji shi."Ko za su ci gaba da adawa da hakan, ba zan iya cewa ba."
Buga bugu na kwata-kwata na Sabuntawar Sake amfani da Filastik yana ba da labarai na musamman da bincike waɗanda zasu taimaka ɗaga ayyukan sake amfani da robobi.Yi subscribing yau don tabbatar da samun sa a gida ko ofis.
Shugaban daya daga cikin manyan kasuwancin ruwan kwalabe na duniya kwanan nan ya yi cikakken bayani kan dabarun sake amfani da kamfanin, tare da lura da cewa yana goyon bayan dokar ajiya da sauran matakai don bunkasa wadata.
Kamfanin sinadarai na duniya Eastman ya kaddamar da wani tsari na sake yin amfani da shi wanda ke karya polymers zuwa gas don amfani da shi wajen kera sinadarai.Yanzu yana neman masu kaya.
Wani sabon layi na sake yin amfani da shi zai taimaka samar da RPET-abinci daga kusan tushen mafi ƙazanta a kusa: kwalabe da aka tsince daga wuraren ajiyar ƙasa.
Masu goyan bayan wani aikin robobi zuwa man fetur a Indiana sun sanar da cewa suna shirye-shiryen karya wata cibiyar kasuwanci ta dala miliyan 260.
Farashin HDPE na halitta ya ci gaba da faduwa kuma yanzu yana zaune a ƙasa da matsayinsa shekara guda da ta gabata, amma ƙimar PET da aka dawo dasu sun kasance koyaushe.
Kamfanin tufafi na duniya H&M ya yi amfani da kwatankwacin kwalaben PET miliyan 325 a cikin polyester da aka sake yin fa'ida a bara, wanda ya ƙaru daga shekarar da ta gabata.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-23-2019