Kuphatikizira tepi yolukidwa, kukulitsa ndi kutseka mawonekedwe, heroone imapanga chowongolera chimodzi, chokwera kwambiri cha torque ngati chionetsero pakugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana.
Unitized composite gear-driveshaft.Herone amagwiritsa ntchito matepi opangidwa ndi thermoplastic composite prepreg monga preforms panjira yomwe imagwirizanitsa laminate ya driveshaft ndikuwonjezera zinthu zogwira ntchito monga magiya, kupanga zida zolumikizana zomwe zimachepetsa kulemera, kuwerengera gawo, nthawi ya msonkhano ndi mtengo.Gwero la zithunzi zonse |ngwazi
Zomwe zikuchitika pano zimafuna kuwirikiza kawiri kwa ndege zamalonda pazaka 20 zikubwerazi.Kuti zigwirizane ndi izi, mitengo yopangira mu 2019 ya ma jetli ophatikizika kwambiri amasiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 14 pamwezi pa OEM, pomwe ocheperako adakwera kale mpaka 60 pamwezi pa OEM iliyonse.Airbus ikugwira ntchito ndi ogulitsa kuti asinthe zida zachikhalidwe koma zotengera nthawi, zoyika manja pa A320 kupita ku magawo opangidwa mwachangu, mphindi 20 zozungulira nthawi monga kuumba kwa utomoni wapamwamba kwambiri (HP-RTM), motero kuthandizira gawo. ogulitsa amakumana ndi kukankhira kwina kwa ndege 100 pamwezi.Pakadali pano, msika womwe ukukulirapo wamayendedwe apamlengalenga ndi zoyendera akulosera zakufunika kwa ndege 3,000 zamagetsi zonyamuka ndikutera (EVTOL) pachaka (250 pamwezi).
"Ntchitoyi imafuna ukadaulo wopanga makina okhala ndi nthawi yofupikitsa yomwe imalolanso kuphatikizira ntchito, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi zida za thermoplastic," akutero a Daniel Barfuss, woyambitsa nawo komanso woyang'anira mnzake wa herone (Dresden, Germany), ukadaulo wophatikizika komanso magawo opanga magawo. olimba omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba za thermoplastic matrix kuchokera ku polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) kupita ku polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) ndi polyaryletherketone (PAEK)."Cholinga chathu chachikulu ndikuphatikiza magwiridwe antchito apamwamba a ma thermoplastic composites (TPCs) ndi mtengo wotsikirapo, kuti tithandizire magawo opangidwa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mapulogalamu atsopano," akuwonjezera Dr. Christian Garthaus, woyambitsa wachiwiri wa herone ndi woyang'anira. wokondedwa.
Kuti izi zitheke, kampaniyo yapanga njira yatsopano, kuyambira ndi matepi osakhazikika, omangika, kuluka matepiwa kuti apange "organoTube" yopanda kanthu ndikuphatikiza ma organoTube kukhala mbiri yokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe.Mu gawo lotsatira, limagwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera ndi kutentha kwa ma TPC kuti aphatikize zinthu zogwira ntchito monga magiya ophatikizika pa ma driveshafts, zomangira pamapaipi, kapena kunyamula zinthu zotengera kupsinjika.Barfuss akuwonjezera kuti pali mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito njira yosakanizidwa - yopangidwa ndi ketone matrix supplier Victrex (Cleveleys, Lancashire, UK) ndi ogulitsa magawo a Tri-Mack (Bristol, RI, US) - omwe amagwiritsa ntchito tepi yotsika yosungunuka ya PAEK pamafayilo ndi PEEK pakuwonjezera, kuthandizira kusakanizika, chinthu chimodzi kudutsa cholumikizira (onani "Overmolding imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa PEEK m'magulu")."Kusinthika kwathu kumathandizanso kutseka mawonekedwe a geometrical," akuwonjezera, "zomwe zimapanga zida zophatikizika zomwe zimatha kupirira katundu wambiri."
Njira ya heroone imayamba ndi matepi a carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic omwe amalukidwa kukhala organoTubes ndikuphatikizidwa."Tidayamba kugwira ntchito ndi organoTubes zaka 10 zapitazo, ndikupanga mapaipi amtundu wa hydraulic oyendetsa ndege," akutero Garthaus.Iye akufotokoza kuti chifukwa chakuti palibe mapaipi a hydraulic a ndege omwe ali ndi geometry yofanana, pangafunike nkhungu pamtundu uliwonse, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono."Tinkafuna chitoliro chomwe chingakonzedwe pambuyo pake kuti tikwaniritse geometry ya chitoliro payokha.Chifukwa chake, lingaliro linali lopanga mbiri zophatikizika mosalekeza kenako CNC ndikuzipinda mumitundu yomwe mukufuna. ”
Mkuyu 2 Matepi olukidwa okonzekeratu amapereka ma preforms ooneka ngati ukonde otchedwa organoTubes popanga jakisoni wa herone ndikuthandizira kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Izi zikumveka zofanana ndi zomwe Sigma Precision Components (Hinckley, UK) ikuchita (onani "Kukonzanso ma aeroengines okhala ndi mapaipi ophatikizika") ndi kavalidwe kake ka carbon fiber / PEEK injini."Amayang'ana mbali zofanana koma amagwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikizira," akufotokoza motero Garthaus."Ndi njira yathu, tikuwona kuthekera kochulukirachulukira, monga kuchepera kwa 2% porosity pazamlengalenga."
Garthaus' Ph.D.Thesis ntchito ku ILK anafufuza pogwiritsa ntchito continuous thermoplastic composite (TPC) pultrusion kupanga machubu okulukidwa, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale ndondomeko yopititsira patsogolo yopangira machubu a TPC ndi mbiri.Komabe, pakali pano, heroone wasankha kugwira ntchito ndi ogulitsa ndege ndi makasitomala pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosalekeza."Izi zimatipatsa ufulu wopanga mitundu yonse yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mbiri yokhotakhota ndi yomwe ili ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zigamba zakumaloko ndikutsitsa," akufotokoza motero."Tikugwira ntchito kuti tigwiritse ntchito njira yophatikizira zigawo zakomweko ndikuziphatikiza ndi mbiri yamagulu.Kwenikweni, chilichonse chomwe mungachite ndi laminates lathyathyathya ndi zipolopolo, titha kuchita machubu ndi mbiri. "
Kupanga mbiri ya TPC iyi inali imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri, akutero Garthaus.Simungagwiritse ntchito kupanga masitampu kapena kuwomba ndi chikhodzodzo cha silikoni;kotero, tinayenera kupanga njira yatsopano. "Koma ndondomekoyi imapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso yogwirizana ndi machubu ndi magawo opangidwa ndi shaft, akutero.Zinathandizanso kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osakanizidwa omwe Victrex adapanga, pomwe kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kusungunuka kwa PAEK kumadzaza ndi PEEK, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a organosheet ndi jekeseni mu sitepe imodzi.
Chinthu chinanso chodziwika bwino chogwiritsa ntchito ma preforms opangidwa ndi organoTube ndi chakuti amatulutsa zinyalala zochepa."Ndi kuluka, tili ndi zinyalala zosakwana 2%, ndipo chifukwa ndi tepi ya TPC, titha kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zazing'onozi m'mbuyomo kuti tipeze kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka 100%," Garthaus akutsindika.
Barfuss ndi Garthaus anayamba ntchito yawo yachitukuko monga ofufuza ku Institute of Lightweight Engineering ndi Polymer Technology (ILK) ku TU Dresden."Ili ndi limodzi mwamasukulu akulu akulu aku Europe opangira ma kompositi ndi ma hybrid mapangidwe opepuka," akutero Barfuss.Iye ndi Garthaus anagwira ntchito kumeneko kwa zaka pafupifupi 10 pazochitika zingapo, kuphatikizapo kupitiriza kwa TPC pultrusion ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yojowina.Ntchitoyi pamapeto pake idasinthidwa kukhala ukadaulo waukadaulo wa heroone TPC.
"Kenako tidagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Germany EXIST, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kusamutsa ukadaulo wotere kumakampani ndikupereka ndalama ma projekiti 40-60 chaka chilichonse m'magawo osiyanasiyana ofufuza," akutero Barfuss."Tidalandira ndalama zogulira zida zazikulu, antchito anayi komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito yowonjezereka."Adapanga ngwazi mu Meyi 2018 atawonetsa ku JEC World.
Pofika ku JEC World 2019, heroone anali atapanga ziwonetsero zingapo, kuphatikiza chopepuka, chokwera kwambiri, cholumikizira zida zolumikizira, kapena giya."Timagwiritsa ntchito tepi ya carbon fiber/PAEK organoTube yolukidwa pamakona ofunikira ndi gawolo ndikuliphatikiza mu chubu," Barfuss akufotokoza."Kenako timatenthetsa chubu pa 200 ° C ndikuchiphimba ndi giya yopangidwa pobaya PEEK yaifupi ya carbon fiber pa 380 ° C."Kuchulukiraku kudapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Moldflow Insight kuchokera ku Autodesk (San Rafael, Calif., US).Nthawi yodzaza nkhungu idakonzedwa kukhala masekondi 40.5 ndikutheka pogwiritsa ntchito makina omangira jakisoni a Arburg (Lossburg, Germany) ALLROUNDER.
Kuchulukitsitsa kumeneku sikungochepetsa mtengo wa msonkhano, masitepe opangira zinthu ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu, komanso kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito.Kusiyana kwa 40 ° C pakati pa kutentha kosungunuka kwa shaft ya PAEK ndi giya ya PEEK yowonjezereka kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wosungunuka pakati pa awiriwo pamlingo wa maselo.Mtundu wachiwiri wamakina olumikizirana, kutseka kwa mawonekedwe, kumatheka pogwiritsa ntchito jekeseni wa jekeseni kuti nthawi yomweyo thermoform shaft panthawi yowonjezereka kuti apange mawonekedwe otsekera mawonekedwe.Izi zitha kuwoneka mumkuyu 1 pansipa ngati "jekeseni-kupanga".Zimapanga circumference corrugated kapena sinusoidal pomwe zida zimalumikizidwa motsutsana ndi gawo losalala lozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa mawonekedwe otsekeka a geometrically.Izi zimawonjezera mphamvu ya gearshaft yophatikizika, monga momwe zasonyezedwera poyesa (onani graph pansi kumanja).1. Kupangidwa mogwirizana ndi Victrex ndi ILK, heroone amagwiritsa ntchito jekeseni wa jekeseni panthawi yowonjezereka kuti apange mawonekedwe otsekera mawonekedwe mu gearshaft yophatikizidwa (pamwamba) . Njira yopangira jekeseniyi imalola gearshaft yophatikizidwa ndi kutseka mawonekedwe (green curve pa graph) kuti sungani makokedwe okwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi giya yokulirapo popanda kutseka mawonekedwe (mzere wakuda pa graph).
"Anthu ambiri akupeza mgwirizano wosungunuka panthawi ya kusungunuka," akutero Garthaus, "ndipo ena akugwiritsa ntchito zotsekera m'magulu, koma chinsinsi ndikuphatikiza zonsezo kukhala njira imodzi yokha."Akufotokoza kuti pazotsatira zoyesa mu Mkuyu 1, tsinde ndi chigawo chonse cha gear zidatsekedwa mosiyana, kenako zimazunguliridwa kuti zipangitse kumeta ubweya.Kulephera koyamba pa graph kumazindikiridwa ndi bwalo kusonyeza kuti ndi giya ya PEEK yowonjezereka popanda kutseka mawonekedwe.Kulephera kwachiwiri kumazindikiridwa ndi bwalo lopindika lofanana ndi nyenyezi, kuwonetsa kuyesedwa kwa zida zowonongeka ndi kutseka mawonekedwe."Pamenepa, muli ndi mgwirizano wolumikizana komanso wokhoma," akutero Garthaus, "ndipo mumapeza chiwonjezeko cha 44% pama torque."Vuto tsopano, akuti, ndikutsegula njira yotsekera kuti itenge katundu kale kuti achulukitse torque yomwe giyali ingagwire isanalephere.
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yotseka mawonekedwe a contour yomwe herone imakwaniritsa ndi kupanga jakisoni ndikuti imapangidwa mogwirizana ndi gawo lililonse ndipo kukweza gawolo kuyenera kupirira.Mwachitsanzo, mu gearshaft, mawonekedwe-kutsekera ndi circumferential, koma pa kukanikiza struts pansipa, ndi axial."Ichi ndichifukwa chake zomwe tapanga ndi njira yokulirapo," akutero Garthaus."Momwe timaphatikizira magwiridwe antchito ndi magawo ake zimatengera momwe munthu angagwiritsire ntchito, koma tikamatha kuchita izi, timasunga kulemera ndi mtengo wochulukirapo."
Komanso, ma ketone afupiafupi olimbitsa ma ketone omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu zochulukirapo ngati magiya amapereka mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri.Victrex yatsimikizira izi ndipo kwenikweni, imagulitsa izi pazinthu zake za PEEK ndi PAEK.
Barfuss akuwonetsa kuti gearshaft yophatikizika, yomwe idazindikirika ndi Mphotho ya 2019 ya JEC World Innovation mu gulu lazamlengalenga, ndi "chiwonetsero cha njira yathu, osati njira yongoyang'ana pa ntchito imodzi.Tinkafuna kuti tifufuze kuchuluka kwa momwe tingathandizire kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma TPC kuti apange zida zogwirira ntchito, zophatikizika. "Kampaniyo pakadali pano ikukonza ndodo zokakamiza, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma struts.
Mkuyu. 3 Kupanikizika-Kuponderezana strutsKupanga jakisoni kumakulitsidwa mpaka ku struts, pomwe herone imadumphira chitsulo chotengera katundu mu gawo lanyumba pogwiritsa ntchito axial mawonekedwe-locking kuti awonjezere mphamvu yolumikizana.
Chigawo chogwira ntchito cha tension-compression struts ndi gawo lachitsulo lomwe limasamutsa katundu kupita ndi kuchoka ku foloko yachitsulo kupita ku chubu chophatikizika (onani chithunzi pansipa).Kupanga jakisoni kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikizira chinthu choyambirira chazitsulo mu gulu la strut.
"Ubwino waukulu womwe timapereka ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magawo," adatero."Izi zimachepetsa kutopa, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pamaulendo apandege.Kutseka mawonekedwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kale muzophatikiza za thermoset ndi pulasitiki kapena chitsulo choyikapo, koma palibe kulumikizana kogwirizana, kotero mutha kuyenda pang'ono pakati pa zigawozo.Njira yathu, komabe, imapereka dongosolo logwirizana popanda kusuntha koteroko. "
Garthaus akutchula kulolerana kwa zowonongeka ngati vuto lina la magawowa."Muyenera kukhudza ma struts ndiyeno kuyesa kutopa," akufotokoza."Chifukwa tikugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba za thermoplastic matrix, titha kufikira 40% kulekerera kuwonongeka kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi ma thermosets, komanso ma microcracks aliwonse omwe amakhudzidwa amakula pang'ono ndi kutopa."
Ngakhale ziwonetsero zikuwonetsa choyikapo chitsulo, herone pakali pano ikupanga njira yopangira thermoplastic, yomwe imathandizira kulumikizana pakati pa gulu la strut lophatikizika ndi chinthu choyambitsa katundu."Pamene tingathe, timakonda kukhalabe ophatikizana ndikusintha katundu mwa kusintha mtundu wa fiber reinforcement, kuphatikizapo carbon, galasi, fiber yopitirira ndi yochepa," anatero Garthaus."Mwanjira imeneyi, timachepetsa zovuta komanso zovuta zamawonekedwe.Mwachitsanzo, tili ndi mavuto ochepa poyerekeza ndi kuphatikiza ma thermosets ndi thermoplastics.Kuonjezera apo, mgwirizano pakati pa PAEK ndi PEEK wayesedwa ndi Tri-Mack ndi zotsatira zosonyeza kuti ili ndi 85% ya mphamvu ya maziko a unidirectional CF / PAEK laminate ndipo imakhala yolimba kawiri kuposa zomata zomata pogwiritsa ntchito zomatira zamakampani-standard epoxy film.
Barfuss akuti heroone tsopano ali ndi antchito asanu ndi anayi ndipo akusintha kuchoka kwa wopereka chitukuko chaukadaulo kupita kwa ogulitsa zida zandege.Chotsatira chake chachikulu ndikukula kwa fakitale yatsopano ku Dresden."Pofika kumapeto kwa 2020 tidzakhala ndi makina oyendetsa ndege omwe akupanga magawo oyamba," akutero."Tikugwira ntchito kale ndi ma OEM oyendetsa ndege komanso othandizira a Tier 1, akuwonetsa mapangidwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana."
Kampaniyo ikugwiranso ntchito ndi ogulitsa eVTOL ndi othandizira osiyanasiyana ku US Pamene heroone ikukhwima ntchito zoyendetsa ndege, ikupindulanso ndi luso lopanga zinthu zamasewera kuphatikizapo mileme ndi zigawo za njinga."Tekinoloje yathu imatha kupanga magawo osiyanasiyana ovuta ndi magwiridwe antchito, nthawi yozungulira komanso zopindulitsa," akutero Garthaus."Nthawi yathu yozungulira pogwiritsa ntchito PEEK ndi mphindi 20, motsutsana ndi mphindi 240 pogwiritsa ntchito autoclave-cured prepreg.Tikuwona mwayi wambiri, koma pakadali pano, cholinga chathu ndikupangitsa kuti mapulogalamu athu oyamba apangidwe ndikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa magawo ngati amenewa pamsika. ”
Herone adzakhalanso akupereka Carbon Fiber 2019. Dziwani zambiri za chochitika pa carbonfiberevent.com.
Kuyang'ana pa kukhathamiritsa kwanthawi zonse kuyika kwa manja, opanga ma nacelle ndi ma thrust reverser amayang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito mtsogolo kwa makina opangira okha komanso kuumba kotseka.
Zida za zida za ndege zimapeza magwiridwe antchito apamwamba a kaboni / epoxy ndi mphamvu yakupondereza.
Njira zowerengetsera momwe ma kompositi amakhudzira chilengedwe zimatheketsa kufananitsa motengera deta ndi zida zachikhalidwe pamlingo womwewo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-19-2019