Mapulogalamu, mabuku, makanema, nyimbo, mapulogalamu a pa TV, ndi zaluso zikulimbikitsa ena mwa anthu opanga bizinesi mwezi uno.
Gulu lomwe lapambana mphoto la atolankhani, opanga, ndi ojambula makanema omwe amafotokozera nkhani zamtundu wawo kudzera m'magalasi apadera a Fast Company.
Kupalasa m'mphepete mwa nyanja kwakhala gawo la moyo wa anthu azilumba.Kumalekezero a kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa Scarp, kachisumbu kakang’ono, kopanda mitengo kali m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya Harris ku Outer Hebrides ku Scotland, Mol Mòr (“gombe lalikulu”) kunali kumene anthu akumaloko anapita kukatola matabwa ogwetsera pansi okonza nyumba ndi kupanga mipando ndi mabokosi.Masiku ano akadali driftwood ambiri, koma ochuluka kapena pulasitiki.
Scarp anasiyidwa mu 1972. Chilumbachi tsopano chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chilimwe kokha ndi eni ake a nyumba zochepa za tchuthi.Koma kudutsa Harris ndi Hebrides, anthu akupitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapulasitiki zokhala ndi gombe.Nyumba zambiri zidzakhala ndi mabowa ochepa ndi zoyandama zoyandama zolendewera pa mipanda ndi zitseko.Chitoliro chakuda cha pulasitiki cha PVC, chopezeka zambiri kuchokera ku mafamu a nsomba osweka ndi mphepo yamkuntho, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ngalande zapanjira kapena zodzaza ndi konkire ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mizati ya mpanda.Chitoliro chachikulu chikhoza kugawidwa motalika kuti apange modyera ng'ombe zodziwika bwino za kumapiri.
Zingwe ndi ukonde zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotchingira mphepo kapena kupewa kukokoloka kwa nthaka.Anthu ambiri a m’zilumbazi amasungiramo mabokosi a nsomba—mabokosi akuluakulu apulasitiki otsukidwa kumtunda.Ndipo pali makampani ang'onoang'ono amisiri omwe amakonzanso zinthu zopezeka ngati zikumbutso za alendo, kusandutsa mapulasitiki kukhala chilichonse, kuyambira zodyera mbalame kupita ku mabatani.
Koma kusekera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kukonzanso, ndi kugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zazikulu zapulasitiki sikuyambitsa vutolo.Zidutswa zing'onozing'ono za pulasitiki zomwe zimakhala zovuta kusonkhanitsa zimakhala zosavuta kuti zilowe muzitsulo za chakudya kapena kubwezeredwa m'nyanja.Mphepo yamkuntho yomwe imadutsa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje nthawi zambiri imasonyeza kuti pali pulasitiki yochititsa mantha, yokhala ndi zidutswa za pulasitiki m'nthaka mamita angapo pansi.
Malipoti osonyeza kukula kwa kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki ndi nyanja zamchere padziko lapansi afala kwambiri m’zaka 10 zapitazi.Ziwerengero za kuchuluka kwa mapulasitiki omwe amalowa m'nyanja chaka chilichonse amachokera ku matani 8 miliyoni mpaka matani 12 miliyoni, ngakhale palibe njira yopimitsira izi molondola.
Sili vuto lachilendo: Mmodzi wa anthu a pachilumbachi amene wakhala zaka 35 ali patchuthi ku Scarp ananena kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopezeka pa Mol Mòr zachepa kuchokera pamene mzinda wa New York City unasiya kutaya zinyalala m’nyanja mu 1994. Zoposa zomwe zikufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka: Pulogalamu ya BBC Radio 4 Costing the Earth inanena mu 2010 kuti zinyalala za pulasitiki m'mphepete mwa nyanja zawonjezeka kawiri kuyambira 1994.
Kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso cha pulasitiki ya m'nyanja kwalimbikitsa kuyesetsa kwa magombe kuti magombe azikhala aukhondo.Koma kuchuluka kwa zotayidwa zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kumabweretsa funso la choti achite nazo.Chithunzi cha pulasitiki cha m'nyanja chimawonongeka ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira, komanso zimakhala zovuta kuzikonzanso chifukwa zimakhala ndi mchere ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi moyo wa m'nyanja zomwe zikukula pamwamba pake.Njira zina zobwezeretsanso zitha kukhala zopambana kokha ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha 10% pulasitiki ya m'nyanja mpaka 90% ya pulasitiki yochokera kunyumba.
Magulu am'deralo nthawi zina amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti atole mapulasitiki ochuluka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma kwa akuluakulu am'deralo vuto ndi momwe angathanirane ndi zinthu zovuta zomwe zimakhala zovuta kapena zosatheka kuzikonzanso.Njira ina ndiyo kutayirapo pansi ndi pafupifupi $100 pa chindapusa cha tani.Ine ndi mphunzitsi komanso wopanga zodzikongoletsera, Kathy Vones ndi ine tidasanthula kuthekera kogwiritsanso ntchito pulasitiki yam'nyanja ngati zida zosindikizira za 3D, zomwe zimadziwika kuti filament.
Mwachitsanzo, polypropylene (PP) imatha kugwa pansi ndi kuumbika mosavuta, koma iyenera kusakanizidwa 50:50 ndi polylactide (PLA) kuti ikhale yosasinthasintha yomwe chosindikizira imafunikira.Kusakaniza mitundu ya mapulasitiki ngati iyi ndi sitepe yobwerera m'mbuyo, m'lingaliro lakuti zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukonzanso, koma zomwe ife ndi ena timaphunzira pofufuza momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito zinthu zatsopanozi zikhoza kutilola kutenga njira ziwiri kutsogolo.Mapulasitiki ena am'nyanja monga polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ndi polyethelene yapamwamba kwambiri (HDPE) ndi oyeneranso.
Njira ina yomwe ndinayang'ana inali yosungunula chingwe cha polypropylene pamoto wamoto ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito pamakina opangira jekeseni.Koma njira imeneyi inali ndi vuto losunga kutentha koyenera, komanso utsi wapoizoni.
Pulojekiti ya ku Dutch yotchedwa Boyan Slat's Ocean Cleanup yakhala ikufunitsitsa kwambiri, ikufuna kutulutsa 50% ya Great Pacific Garbage Patch m'zaka zisanu ndi ukonde waukulu woyimitsidwa kuchokera ku inflatable boom yomwe imagwira pulasitiki ndikuyikokera kumalo osungiramo zinthu.Komabe, ntchitoyi yakumana ndi zovuta, ndipo mulimonsemo idzasonkhanitsa tizidutswa tokulirapo pamwamba.Akuti pulasitiki yambiri yam'nyanja ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosakwana 1 mm kukula kwake komwe kamayimitsidwa m'mphepete mwamadzi, pomwe pulasitiki yochulukirapo imamira pansi panyanja.
Izi zidzafuna mayankho atsopano.Kuchotsa unyinji wa pulasitiki m'chilengedwe ndi vuto lovutitsa lomwe lidzakhalapo kwa zaka mazana ambiri.Tikufunika khama limodzi kuchokera kwa andale ndi mafakitale ndi malingaliro atsopano - zonsezi zikusowa.
Ian Lambert ndi pulofesa wothandizira payunivesite ya Edinburgh Napier.Nkhaniyi yasindikizidwanso kuchokera ku The Conversation pansi pa chilolezo cha Creative Commons.Werengani nkhani yoyamba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-30-2019