Ndezvipi zvakavandika zvinosanganisa zvinoita kuti Dutch system ive yakanaka kana zvasvika pakubata tsvina uye kudzokorodza?
Ndezvipi zvakavandika zvinosanganisa zvinoita kuti Dutch system ive yakanaka kana zvasvika pakubata tsvina uye kudzokorodza?Uye ndeapi makambani ari kutungamira nzira?WMW inotarisa ...
Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chepamusoro-soro chekugadzirisa marara, Netherlands inokwanisa kudzokorodza isingasviki 64% yemarara ayo - uye mazhinji asara anopiswa kugadzira magetsi.Nekuda kweizvozvo, chikamu chidiki chete muzana chinopedzisira chave mumarara.Munzvimbo yekudzokorodza iyi inyika yakasarudzika.
Maonero echiDutch ari nyore: dzivisa kugadzira tsvina zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, dzorera zvinhu zvakakosha kubva mairi, gadzira simba nekupisa tsvina yakasara, uye wozorasa zvinenge zvasara - asi zviite nenzira ine ushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza.Iyi nzira - inozivikanwa se'Lansink's Ladder' mushure mekunge Nhengo yeDutch Parliament yaikurudzira - yakaiswa mumutemo weDutch muna 1994 uye inoumba hwaro hwe 'hutungamiri hwemarara' muEuropean Waste Framework Directive.
Ongororo yakaitwa yeTNT Post yakaratidza kuti kupatsanura marara ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa nharaunda pakati pevanhu vechiDutch.Vanopfuura 90% veDutch vanhu vanoparadzanisa tsvina yavo yemumba.Synovate/Bvunzurudzo NSS yakabvunzurudza vatengi vanodarika mazana mashanu nezveruzivo rwavo rwezvakatipoteredza muongororo yeTNT Post.Kudzima pombi uchikwesha mazino ndiko kwaive chiyero chechipiri chakakurumbira (80% yevakabvunzurudzwa) ichiteverwa nekudzikisa chidziviriro pasi 'dhigirii kana maviri' (75%).Kuisa kabhoni mafirita pamota uye kutenga zvigadzirwa zvebiological kwakatora nzvimbo yakabatana pazasi pechinyorwa.
Kushaikwa kwenzvimbo uye kukura kwekuziva kwezvakatipoteredza kwakamanikidza hurumende yeDutch kuti itore matanho nekukurumidza kuderedza kuzara kwemarara.Izvi zvakapawo makambani chivimbo chekuisa mari mumhinduro dzinoenderana nenharaunda.'Tinogona kubatsira nyika dzave kutanga kuita mhando dzekudyara idzi kuti dzidzivise kukanganisa kwatakaita,' anodaro Dick Hoogendoorn, mutungamiriri weDutch Waste Management Association (DWMA).
DWA inokurudzira zvido zvemamwe makambani makumi mashanu ane chekuita nekuunganidza, kudzokorodza, kugadzira, kugadzira manyowa, kupisa uye kuisa marara.Nhengo dzesangano iri dzinobva kumakambani madiki, anoshanda mudunhu kusvika kumakambani makuru anoshanda pasi rose.Hoogendoorn anoziva nezvese zviri zviviri zvinoshanda uye zvemitemo zvekutonga marara, akashanda zvese kuBazi rezvehutano, Spatial Planning uye Zvakatipoteredza, uye semutungamiriri wekambani inogadzira tsvina.
Iyo Netherlands ine yakasarudzika 'marara manejimendi chimiro'.Makambani echiDutch ane hunyanzvi hwekutora huwandu kubva mumarara avo nenzira yakangwara uye yakagadzikana.Iyi nzira yekufunga zvemberi yekurasira marara yakatanga kumakore ekuma1980 apo ruzivo rwekudiwa kwedzimwe nzira dzekurasira marara rwakatanga kukura kupfuura mune dzimwe nyika.Paive nekushaikwa kwenzvimbo dzekurasa dzinogona kuvepo uye kukura kwekuziva kwezvakatipoteredza pakati peruzhinji rwevanhu.
Kupokana kwakawanda kunzvimbo dzekurasa marara - kunhuwa, kusvibiswa kwevhu, kusvibiswa kwemvura yepasi - kwakatungamira Paramende yeDutch kupa danho rekuunza nzira yakadzikama yekutonga marara.
Hapana anogona kugadzira musika wekugadzira tsvina nekungomutsa ruzivo.Izvo zvakazove zvakazove sarudzo muNetherlands, Hoogendoorn anoti, yaive mitemo yakaitwa nehurumende senge 'Lansink's Ladder'.Kwemakore, zvinangwa zvekudzokorodza zvakaiswa panzvimbo yenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzemarara, dzakadai semarara, marara ane ngozi uye kuvaka uye kuparadza marara.Kuunza mutero patani yega yega yezvinhu zvakaiswa pasi kwaive kwakakosha sezvo kwaipa makambani ekugadzirisa marara kukurudzira kutsvaga dzimwe nzira - sekupisa nekudzoreredza - nekuda kwekuti dzaive zvino dzinoyevedza kubva pamaonero emari.
'Musika wemarara wakagadzirwa zvakanyanya,' anodaro Hoogendoorn.'Pasina hurongwa hwemitemo nemirau yezvemarara mhinduro ingangove nzvimbo yekurasira marara kunze kweguta kunoendeswa marara ose.Nekuti matanho ekudzora akasimba akatangwa kare muNetherlands pakanga paine mikana kune avo vaiita zvakawanda kupfuura kungotyaira mota dzavo kunzvimbo inoraswa.Makambani ekugadzira tsvina anoda tarisiro kuitira kuti agadzirise mabasa ane pundutso, uye tsvina inomhanya semvura ichienda kune yakaderera - kureva iyo yakachipa - poindi.Nekudaro, nezvinosungirwa uye zvinorambidza zviga uye mutero, unogona kumanikidza iri nani giredhi rekugadzirisa tsvina.Musika uchaita basa rawo, zvichipa kune mutemo unowirirana uye unovimbika.'Kurasa tsvina muNetherlands parizvino kunodhura madhora makumi matatu neshanu patani, pamwe nekuwedzera €87 mumutero kana tsvina ichibvira, iyo inodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura kupisa.'Kamwe kamwe kupisa ndiyo imwe nzira inoyevedza,' anodaro Hoogendoorn.'Kana iwe usingape tarisiro iyoyo kukambani inopisa marara, ivo vanozoti, "chii, unofunga kuti ndinopenga?"Asi kana vakaona kuti hurumende iri kuisa mari yavo pamuromo wavo, vobva vati, "Ndinogona kuvaka moto wemari iyoyo."Hurumende inogadza maparameter, tinozadza zvizere.'
Hoogendoorn anoziva kubva pane zvaakasangana nazvo muindastiri, uye nekuzvinzwa kubva kunhengo dzake, kuti makambani eDutch ekugadzirisa tsvina anowanzo kusvikirwa kuti abate kuunganidza uye kugadzirisa marara pasi rose.Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mutemo wehurumende chinhu chakakosha.'Makambani haazoti "hongu" saizvozvo,' anodaro.'Vanoda tarisiro yekuita purofiti munguva yakareba, saka vachagara vachida kuziva kana vagadziri vemitemo vanoziva zvakakwana kuti hurongwa hunoda kushanduka, uye kana vakagadzirirawo kushandura ruzivo urwu kuita mutemo, mirau uye mari. zviyero.'Kana iyo hurongwa hwave panzvimbo, makambani echiDutch anogona kupindira.
Nekudaro, Hoogendoorn anoona zvakaoma kutsanangura chaizvo izvo zvinosanganisira hunyanzvi hwekambani.'Unofanirwa kukwanisa kuunganidza marara - hachisi chinhu chaunogona kuita sekuwedzera-basa.Nekuti tanga tichishandisa sisitimu yedu muNetherlands kwenguva yakareba, tinogona kubatsira nyika kutanga.'
'Iwe haungobva pakuzadza ivhu uchienda kunodzokorodza.Haisi chimwe chinhu chinogona kurongeka kubva kune rimwe zuva kuenda kune rinotevera nekutenga gumi nemana matsva ekutakura mota.Nekutora matanho ekuwedzera kupatsanurwa pane sosi iwe unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti marara mashoma uye mashoma anoenda kunzvimbo dzekurasa tsvina.Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kuziva zvauchaita nenyaya yacho.Kana ukaunganidza girazi, unofanira kuwana girazi kugadzirisa chirimwa.MuNetherlands, takadzidza nenzira yakaoma kuti zvakakosha sei kuve nechokwadi chekuti cheni yese yekutakura haina mhepo.Takasangana nedambudziko makore akati kuti apfuura nepurasitiki: nhamba shoma yemanisiparati yakaunganidza mapurasitiki, asi pakanga pasina cheni yaitevera yezvigadzirwa panguva iyoyo kuti igadzirise zvakanga zvaunganidzwa.'
Hurumende dzekunze uye kudyidzana neveruzhinji-yakavanzika vanogona kushanda nemaDutch mafemu ekupa mazano kumisa chimiro chine ruzha.Makambani akadai seRoyal Haskoning, Tebodin, Grontmij neDHV anotumira kunze ruzivo rwechiDutch uye hunyanzvi pasi rese.Sezvo Hoogendoorn anotsanangura: 'Vanobatsira kugadzira hurongwa hwese hunogadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu aripo iye zvino, uyewo kuti zvishoma nezvishoma ungawedzera sei kushandiswa zvakare uye kushandiswa kwemarara uye kuparadzanisa marara akazaruka uye maitiro asina kukwana ekuunganidza.'
Aya makambani akanaka pakuongorora kuti chii chiri chokwadi uye chii chisiri.'Zvose zviri pamusoro pekugadzira tarisiro, saka iwe unofanira kutanga uvaka nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekurasa dzine kuchengetedzwa kwakakwana kune zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu uye zvishoma nezvishoma iwe unobva watora matanho anobatsira kukurudzira kudzokorora.'
Makambani echiDutch achiri kufanira kuenda kunze kwenyika kunotenga zvinopisa, asi hurongwa hwekutonga muNetherlands hwakapa indasitiri yekugadzira yakavakirwa pamaitiro akadai sekuronga nekuita manyowa.Makambani akadai seGicom en Orgaworld anotengesa tunnel dzecompost uye biological dryer pasi rese, nepo Bollegraaf neBakker Magnetics vari kutungamira makambani ekuronga.
Sezvo Hoogendoorn achinyatsotaura: 'Idzi pfungwa dzakashinga dziripo nokuti hurumende inotora chikamu chengozi kuburikidza nekupa rubatsiro.'
VARKambani yeVAR inodhindazve marara.Mutungamiriri Hannet de Vries anoti kambani iri kukura nekukurumidza.Iyo ichangoburwa yekuwedzera ndeye organic tsvina yekuvirisa kuiswa, iyo inoburitsa magetsi kubva mumuriwo-based tsvina.Kuiswa kutsva kunodhura € 11 miriyoni.'Yakanga iri mari huru kwatiri,' anodaro De Vries.'Asi isu tinoda kuramba tiri pamberi pekuvandudza.'
Iyo saiti yaimbove ingori nzvimbo yekurasira marara yedhorobha reVoorst.Tsvina yakarasirwa pano uye makomo akaumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma.Paive necrusher panzvimbo, asi hapana chimwe.Muna 1983 masepala akatengesa ivhu, nekudaro achigadzira imwe yenzvimbo dzekutanga dzekurasa marara.Mumakore akatevera VAR yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva panzvimbo yekurasa marara kuita kambani inodzokorodza, ichikurudzirwa nemutemo mutsva wairambidza kuraswa kwemarara akawanda.'Pakave nekudyidzana kunokurudzira pakati pehurumende yeDutch neindasitiri yekugadzira marara,' anodaro Gert Klein, VAR's Marketing and PR Manager.'Takakwanisa kuita zvakawanda uye mutemo wakagadziridzwa saizvozvo.Takaramba tichivandudza kambani panguva imwe chete.'Zvikomo zvakakura chete ndizvo zvinosara sechiyeuchidzo chekuti kwaimbova nzvimbo yekurasira panzvimbo iyi.
VAR ikozvino yave kambani izere-sevhisi yekudzokorodza ine zvikamu zvishanu: zvicherwa, kuronga, biogenic, simba nehuinjiniya.Ichi chimiro chakavakirwa pamhando yezviitwa (kurongedza), zvinhu zvakabatwa (zvicherwa, biogenic) uye yekupedzisira chigadzirwa (simba).Pakupedzisira, zvakadaro, zvese zvinosvika kuchinhu chimwe, anodaro De Vries.'Tinowana dzinenge marara emhando dzese dziri kuuya muno, kusanganisira marara ekuvaka pamwe nekuputsa, marara, simbi nevhu rakasvibiswa, uye zvinenge zvese zvinotengeswa mushure mekugadzirwa - sepurasitiki granulate yeindasitiri, manyowa egiredhi repamusoro, ivhu rakachena, nesimba, kungotaura mienzaniso mishomanana chete.'
'Zvisinei kuti mutengi achaunza chii,' anodaro De Vries, 'tinoironga, tinoichenesa uye togadzirisa nyaya yasara kuita zvinhu zvitsva zvinogona kushandiswa semabhuraki ekongiri, ivhu rakachena, mupfudze, manyowa ezvirimwa zvakaiswa muhari: mikana yacho haiperi. '
Gasi rinopisa remethane rinobviswa panzvimbo yeVAR uye vamiriri vedzimwe nyika - vakaita seboka richangobva kuSouth Africa - vanogara vachishanyira VAR.'Vaifarira zvikuru kutorwa kwegasi,' De Vries anodaro.'Pombi mumakomo pakupedzisira inotakura gasi kune jenareta inoshandura gasi kuva magetsi kumhuri yakaenzana ne1400.'Nenguva isipi, iyo ichiri-pasi-yekuvaka organic tsvina yekuvirisa kuisirwa ichagadzirawo magetsi, asi kubva kubiomass panzvimbo.Matani ezvimedu zvakanaka zvemuriwo zvichashaikwa mweya weokisijeni kugadzira gasi remethane iro majenareta anoshandura kuita magetsi.Kuiswa kwacho kwakasiyana uye kuchabatsira VAR kuzadzisa chishuwo chayo chekuve kambani isina kwayakarerekera panosvika 2009.
Nhume dzinoshanyira VAR dzinouya zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvinhu zviviri, anodaro Gert Klein.'Vashanyi vanobva kunyika dzine hurongwa hwekudzokorodza hwakagadziridzwa vanofarira nzira dzedu dzechizvino-zvino dzekuparadzanisa.Nhume dzinobva kunyika dzichiri kusimukira dzinonyanya kufarira kuona bhizinesi remhando yedu - nzvimbo iyo marudzi ese emarara anouya - kubva pedyo-up.Ivo vanobva vafarira nzvimbo yekurasa tsvina ine mavhavha akavharwa zvakanaka pamusoro nepasi, uye inonzwika system yekubvisa methane gasi.Ndiyo nheyo, uye pfuurirai kubva ipapo.'
Bammens MuNetherlands, hazvigoneke kufungidzira nzvimbo dzisina marara epasi pevhu, kunyanya pakati pemaguta umo midziyo yakawanda pamusoro pevhu yakatsiviwa nemabhokisi embiru matete umo vagari vanoziva zvakatipoteredza vanogona kuisa mapepa, girazi, midziyo yepurasitiki uye. PET (polyethylene terephthalate) mabhodhoro.
Bammens vakagadzira magaba epasi kubva muna 1995. 'Pamwe chete nekunyanya kufadza, marara epasi pevhu ane hutsanana nekuti makonzo haakwanise kupinda maari,' anodaro Rens Dekkers, anoshanda mukushambadzira nekufambiswa kwemashoko.Sisitimu iyi inoshanda nekuti mudziyo wega wega unogona kubata kusvika 5m3 yemarara, zvinoreva kuti inogona kudururwa kashoma.
Chizvarwa chitsva ichi chine midziyo yemagetsi."Mushandisi anobva apihwa mukana wekupinda musystem nenzira yekupasa uye anogona kubhadhariswa mutero zvichienderana nekuti kangani kaanoisa marara mumudziyo," anodaro Dekkers.Bammens vanotumira kunze masisitimu epasi pevhu vachikumbirwa sechinhu chiri nyore kuunganidza kunenge nyika dzese dziri muEuropean Union.
SitaAni nani anotenga DVD rekodhi kana yakakura-screen TV anogamuchirawo yakakura huwandu hweStyrofoam, iyo inodiwa kuchengetedza michina.Styrofoam (yakawedzerwa polystyrene kana EPS), ine huwandu hwayo hwemhepo yakavharirwa, inewo yakanaka insulating properties, ndicho chikonzero ichishandiswa pakuvaka.MuNetherlands 11,500 matani (10,432 tonnes) eEPS anovapo kuti ashandiswezve gore rega rega.Waste processor Sita inounganidza EPS kubva kuindasitiri yekuvaka, pamwe nemagetsi, zvinhu zvichena uye mabrown zvinhu.'Tinoiputsa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki tozvisanganisa pamwe neStyrofoam itsva, zvinoita kuti 100% ishandiswe zvakare pasina kurasikirwa kwemhando,' anodaro Vincent Mooij wekuSita.Kumwe kushandiswa kutsva kunosanganisira kubatanidza yechipiri-ruoko EPS uye kuigadzirisa kuita 'Geo-Blocks'.'Aya mahwendefa akakura kusvika pamamita mashanu nemita imwe anoshandiswa senheyo dzemigwagwa pachinzvimbo chejecha,' anodaro Mooij.Iyi nzira yakanaka kune zvese zvakatipoteredza uye kufamba.Geo-Block mahwendefa anoshandiswa kune dzimwe nyika, asi Netherlands ndiyo chete nyika iyo yekare Styrofoam inoshandiswa seyakagadzirwa.
NihotNihot inogadzira michina yekurongedza marara inogona kupatsanura marara ane yakanyanyisa dhigirii yechokwadi iri pakati pe95% ne98%.Rudzi rwese rwezvinhu, kubva pagirazi uye zvimedu zvemarara kusvika kumakeramiki, zvine density yaro uye mafungu emhepo anodzorwa anoshandiswa kuaparadzanisa anoita kuti chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chipedzisire chave nezvimwe zvimedu zvemhando imwe chete.Nihot inovaka mahombe, akamira mayuniti, pamwe nediki, anotakurika mayuniti akadai seatsva SDS 500 uye 650 single-drum separators.Kureruka kwemayuniti aya kunoita kuti ive yakanakira kushanda panzvimbo, senge panguva yekuputswa kwechivako chefurati, nekuti marara anogona kurongedzwa panzvimbo kwete kutakurwa kuenda kunogadziriswa.
Hurumende dzeVista-Online, kubva kunyika kuenda kunharaunda, dzinoisa zvinodiwa pamamiriro enzvimbo dzeveruzhinji pazvinhu zvese kubva kumarara nemvura yetsvina kusvika kuchando mumigwagwa.Kambani yeDutch Vista-Online inopa maturusi anoita kuti zvive nyore uye nekukurumidza kutarisa kutevedzera izvi zvinodiwa.Inspectors vanopihwa smart phone kuti vataure mamiriro esaiti munguva chaiyo.Iyo data inotumirwa kune server uye inozoonekwa nekukurumidza paVista-Online webhusaiti iyo mutengi anopihwa yakakosha kodhi yekuwana.Iyo data inobva yavepo nekukasira uye yakarongeka zvakajeka, uye iyo inopedza nguva kuunganidzwa kwezviwanikwa zvekuongorora hazvichadiwi.Zvakare, kuongorora pamhepo kunodzivirira mari uye nguva inodiwa kumisikidza ICT system.Vista-Online inoshandira zviremera zvemuno nemunyika muNetherlands nekune dzimwe nyika, kusanganisira Manchester Airport Authority muUK.
BollegraafPre-kuronga tsvina inonzwika sepfungwa huru, asi huwandu hwekuwedzera hwekufambisa hunogona kuve hwakakura.Kukwira kwemitengo yemafuta uye migwagwa yakatsvikinyidzana kunosimbisa kuipa kwegadziriro iyoyo.Bollegraaf saka yakaunza mhinduro muUS, uye munguva pfupi yapfuura muEurope zvakare: single-stream sorting.Tsvina yose yakaoma – mapepa, girazi, marani, mapurasitiki uye tetra pack – inogona kuiswa muBollegraaf’s single-stream sorting facility pamwechete.Inodarika 95% yemarara inobva yaparadzaniswa otomatiki pachishandiswa musanganiswa wetekinoroji dzakasiyana.Kuunza pamwe chete matekinoroji aripo mune imwe nzvimbo ndiko kunoita kuti iyo imwechete-rukova yekuronga unit yakakosha.Chikwata ichi chinokwana matani makumi mana (36.3 tonnes) paawa.Paakabvunzwa kuti Bollegraaf yakauya sei nepfungwa iyi, mutungamiriri uye muridzi Heiman Bollegraaf anoti: 'Takaita pane zvaidiwa pamusika.Kubva ipapo, takapa zvikamu makumi mashanu zvekuronga-kamwe-rukova muUS, uye munguva pfupi yapfuura takagadzira yedu yekutanga kuEurope, kuEngland.Takasainawo makondirakiti nevatengi vekuFrance neAustralia.'
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-29-2019