Wearable textile electronics anodiwa zvakanyanya pakuona yakasarudzika hutano manejimendi.Nekudaro, mazhinji anoshumwa machira emagetsi anogona nguva nenguva kunanga chiratidzo chimwe chete chemuviri kana kupotsa iwo akajeka masaini, zvichitungamira kune chikamu chehutano kuongororwa.Uyezve, machira ane zvivakwa zvakanakisa uye kunyaradza kuchiri kunetsa.Pano, isu tinoshuma iyo triboelectric yese-textile sensor array ine yakanyanya kudzvanywa senitivity uye kunyaradza.Inoratidza kusanzwa kwekumanikidza (7.84 mV Pa−1), nguva yekupindura nekukurumidza (20 ms), kugadzikana (> 100,000 cycles), yakakura yekushanda frequency bandwidth (kusvika ku20 Hz), uye muchina washability (>40 washes).Iwo maTATSA akagadzirwa akaiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvembatya kuti atarise arterial pulse waves uye masaini ekufema panguva imwe chete.Isu takaenderera mberi nekugadzira hutano hwekutarisisa hurongwa hwenguva refu uye husingasviki yekuongorora kwechirwere chemoyo uye yekurara apnea syndrome, iyo inoratidza kufambira mberi kukuru kwekuwongorora kwehuwandu hwezvimwe zvirwere zvisingaperi.
Zvokupfeka zvemagetsi zvinomiririra mukana unonakidza nekuda kwezvikumbiro zvavo zvekushandisa mumishonga yemunhu.Vanogona kutarisa mamiriro ehutano hwemunhu nenzira inoenderera, chaiyo-nguva, uye isingapindiki (1-11).Pulse uye kufema, sezvikamu zviviri zvakakosha zvezviratidzo zvakakosha, zvinogona kupa zvese zvakaringana ongororo yemamiriro emuviri uye zvinoshamisa manzwisisiro mukuongororwa uye kufungidzira kwezvirwere zvine hukama (12-21).Kusvika pari zvino, magetsi mazhinji anopfekeka ekuona masiginecha akajeka emuviri akavakirwa pane ultrathin substrates senge polyethylene terephthalate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, girazi, uye silicone (22-26).Kudzora kweaya ma substrates ekushandisa paganda ari pamaitiro avo akarongwa uye akaomarara.Nekuda kweizvozvo, matepi, Band-Aids, kana zvimwe zvigadziriso zvemuchina zvinodikanwa kumisikidza kubatana pakati pemagetsi anopfeka uye ganda remunhu, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kutsamwa uye kusagadzikana panguva yakawedzerwa nguva yekushandiswa (27, 28).Uyezve, aya ma substrates ane hurombo hwemhepo, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kana ichishandiswa kwenguva refu, inoenderera yekutarisa hutano.Kudzoreredza nyaya dzambotaurwa mukuchengetedza hutano, kunyanya mukushandiswa kwemazuva ese, machira akangwara anopa mhinduro yakavimbika.Micheka iyi ine hunhu hwekupfava, huremu huremu, uye kufema uye, nekudaro, mukana wekuona kunyaradza mune zvinopfekwa zvemagetsi.Mumakore achangopfuura, kuedza kwakadzama kwakazvipira kuvandudza machira-akavakirwa masisitimu mune inonzwisisika sensors, kukohwa simba, uye kuchengetedza (29-39).Kunyanya, tsvakiridzo yakabudirira yakataurwa pamusoro pe optical fiber, piezoelectricity, uye resistivity-based smart textiles inoshandiswa mukutarisisa kupuruzira nekufema masaini (40-43).Nekudaro, aya machira akangwara anowanzo ane yakaderera senitivity uye imwechete yekutarisa paramende uye haigone kugadzirwa pamwero mukuru (tafura S1).Panyaya yekuyera pulse, ruzivo rwakadzama runonetsa kubata nekuda kwekufenda uye nekukurumidza kushanduka kwepurusi (semuenzaniso, mapoinzi ayo), uye nekudaro, kunzwisiswa kwakanyanya uye kwakakodzera frequency mhinduro inodiwa.
Muchidzidzo ichi, tinosuma triboelectric all-textile sensor array (TATSA) ine high senitivity ye epidermal subtle pressure capturing, yakarukwa ne conductive uye naironi yarn mune yakazara cardigan stitch.Iyo TATSA inogona kupa high pressure senitivity (7.84 mV Pa-1), fast response time (20 ms), kugadzikana (>100,000 cycles), wide working frequency bandwidth (kusvika 20 Hz), uye muchina washability (>40 washes).Iyo inokwanisa kuzvibatanidza zviri nyore muzvipfeko zvine hungwaru, nyaradzo, uye aesthetic kukwezva.Zvikuru, TATSA yedu inogona kuisirwa zvakananga munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzejira dzinoenderana nemasaisai ekupuruzira pamutsipa, wrist, chigunwe, uye zviziso zvetsoka uye kumafungu ekufema mudumbu nechipfuva.Kuongorora mashandiro akanaka eTATSA mune chaiyo-nguva uye kure kure kutarisa kwehutano, isu tinogadzira yakasarudzika yakangwara yehutano yekutarisa sisitimu kuti tirambe tichiwana uye kuchengetedza zviratidzo zvemuviri zvekuongorora chirwere chemoyo (CAD) uye kuongororwa kwehope apnea syndrome (SAS). )
Sezvinoratidzwa muFig. 1A, maTATSA maviri akasonanidzwa mucuff nechipfuva chehembe kuti agonese kutariswa kwesimba uye panguva imwe chete yekupuruzira uye masaini ekufema, zvichiteerana.Aya masaini emuviri akafambiswa zvisina waya kune yakangwara mobile terminal application (APP) kuti iwedzere kuongororwa mamiriro ehutano.Mufananidzo 1B unoratidza TATSA yakasonwa kuita chidimbu chejira, uye iyo inset inoratidza yakawedzera maonero eTATSA, iyo yakarukwa ichishandisa hunhu conductive shinda uye shinda yenylon yekutengeserana pamwe chete mune yakazara cardigan musono.Kuenzaniswa neiyo yakakosha plain stitch, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye yakakosha nzira yekuruka, iyo yakazara cardigan musono yakasarudzwa nekuti kubatanidzwa pakati pe loop musoro we conductive warn uye pedyo netuck musono musoro weshinda yenaironi (fig. S1) inzvimbo yepamusoro. panzvimbo penzvimbo yekuonana, inotungamira kune yakakura kuita nzvimbo yeyakakwira triboelectric effect.Kuti tigadzirire conductive yarn, isu takasarudza Stainless simbi seyakagadziriswa core fiber, uye zvidimbu zvinoverengeka zveimwe-ply Terylene yarns dzakamonwa kutenderedza core fiber kuita imwe conductive shinda ine dhayamita ye0.2 mm (fig. S2), iyo yakashanda se zvose electrification pamusoro uye conducting electrode.Rudzi rwenaironi, rwaiva nehupamhi hwe 0.15 mm uye rwakashanda seimwe nzvimbo yemagetsi, yakanga ine simba rakasimba rekugadzirisa nokuti yainge yakamonwa neshinda isingapindiki (fig. S3).Mufananidzo 1 (C naD, zvichiteerana) unoratidza mafoto eshinda yakagadzirwa conductive neshinda yenaironi.Iwo masisitimu anoratidza iwo anoenderana scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mifananidzo, iyo inopa yakajairika muchinjikwa chikamu che conductive warn uye pamusoro peshinda yenaironi.Kusimba kwakanyanya kweiyo conductive uye naironi yarn yakavimbisa kugona kwavo kuruka pamushini weindasitiri kuchengetedza kuita kwakafanana kwemasensa ese.Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1E, shinda dzenaironi, shinda dzenaironi, neshindawo zvadzo zvaiiswa pamakoni azvo, izvo zvaibva zvaiswa pamuchina weindasitiri wekombuta weflat wokuruka woruka otomatiki (bhaisikopo S1).Sezvinoratidzwa mufig.S4, maTATSA akati wandei akarukwa pamwechete nemachira akajairwa achishandisa muchina wemaindasitiri.TATSA imwe chete ine ukobvu hwe 0.85 mm uye huremu hwe 0.28 g inogona kugadzirwa kubva muchimiro chese chekushandisa kwega, kuratidza kuenderana kwayo kwakanyanya nemamwe machira.Pamusoro pezvo, maTATSA anogona kugadzirwa nemavara akasiyana-siyana kuti asangane nezvinoyevedza uye zvefashoni zvinodiwa nekuda kwekusiyana kweshinda dzenaironi dzekutengesa (Fig. 1F uye fig. S5).MaTATSA akagadzirwa ane kupfava kwakanakisa uye kugona kushingirira kukotama kana deformation (fig. S6).Mufananidzo 1G unoratidza iyo TATSA yakasonwa yakananga mudumbu uye cuff yejuzi.Maitiro ekuruka juzi anoratidzwa mufig.S7 uye firimu S2.Iwo mameseji ekumberi uye kumashure kweiyo TATSA yakatambanudzwa panzvimbo yedumbu inoratidzwa mufig.S8 (A uye B, zvichiteerana), uye chinzvimbo cheiyo conductive shinda neshinda yenylon inoratidzwa mufig.S8C.Izvo zvinogona kuoneka pano kuti iyo TATSA inogona kunyudzwa mumachira akajairwa seamless kune yakangwara uye yakangwara chitarisiko.
(A) MaTATSA maviri akabatanidzwa muhembe yekutarisa pulse uye masaini ekufema munguva chaiyo.(B) Schematic mufananidzo wekubatanidzwa kweTATSA uye zvipfeko.Iyo inset inoratidza iyo yakawedzera maonero eiyo sensor.(C) Mufananidzo weiyo conductive yarn (scale bar, 4 cm).Iyo inset ndiyo SEM mufananidzo wepamuchinjikwa chikamu che conductive yarn (scale bar, 100 μm), iyo ine simbi isina tsvina uye Terylene yarns.(D) Mufananidzo weshinda yenylon (scale bar, 4 cm).Iyo inset ndiyo SEM mufananidzo weiyo naironi yarn pamusoro (scale bar, 100 μm).(E) Mufananidzo wecomputerized flat knitting machine uchiruka otomatiki wemaTATSA.(F) Mufananidzo weTATSAs mune akasiyana mavara (scale bar, 2 cm).Iyo inset ndiyo TATSA yakamonyoroka, inoratidza kupfava kwayo kwakanyanya.(G) Mufananidzo wemaTATSA maviri akazara uye akasonwa zvisina musono mujuzi.Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Wenjing Fan, Chongqing University.
Kuti tiongorore kushanda kweTATSA, kusanganisira maitiro ayo emagetsi uye emagetsi, takagadzira geometric knitting model yeTATSA, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2A.Uchishandisa iyo yakazara cardigan stitch, iyo conductive uye naironi yarn yakavharirwa mumhando dze loop units mukosi uye wale direction.Imwe loop chimiro (fig. S1) ine musoro we loop, loop ruoko, mbabvu-inoyambuka chikamu, tuck stitch ruoko, uye tuck stitch musoro.Mafomu maviri enzvimbo yekubatana pakati peshinda mbiri dzakasiyana anogona kuwanikwa: (i) nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pemusoro welop yeshinda inofambisa uye tuck stitch musoro weshinda yenaironi uye (ii) nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pe loop head shinda yenylon nemusoro wetuck stitch weshinda inoitisa.
(A) Iyo TATSA ine kumberi, kurudyi, uye kumusoro mativi eakarukwa zvishwe.(B) Simulation mhedzisiro yekugovera kwesimba kweTATSA pasi pekumanikidzwa kwe2 kPa uchishandisa COMSOL software.(C) Schematic mifananidzo yekuchaja kuchinjirwa kweiyo yekubatanidza unit pasi penguva pfupi-yedunhu mamiriro.(D) Simulation mhedzisiro yechaji yekugovera yekubatanidza unit pasi peyakavhurika redunhu mamiriro uchishandisa iyo COMSOL software.
Nheyo yekushanda yeTATSA inogona kutsanangurwa muzvikamu zviviri: simba rekunze rekusimudzira uye kubhadharisa kwayo.Kuti tinyatsonzwisisa kuparadzirwa kwekunetseka mukupindura kunze kwekukurudzira kwesimba, takashandisa finite element analysis tichishandisa COMSOL software pamasimba akasiyana ekunze e2 uye 0.2 kPa, sezvinoratidzwa muFig. 2B uye fig.S9.Kushushikana kunoonekwa pakubata kumeso kweshinda mbiri.Sezvinoratidzwa mufig.S10, takafunga maviri loop units kujekesa kugovera kwekushushikana.Mukuenzanisa kuparadzirwa kwekunetseka pasi pemasimba maviri ekunze akasiyana, kushushikana kuri pamusoro peiyo conductive uye nylon yarns inowedzera nekuwedzera kwesimba rekunze, zvichikonzera kusangana uye extrusion pakati peshinda mbiri.Kana simba rekunze rasunungurwa, tambo mbiri dzinoparadzana uye dzinobva kune imwe neimwe.
Kubatana-kuparadzanisa mafambiro pakati peiyo conductive yarn neshinda yenylon inokonzeresa kutamiswa kwechaji, izvo zvinonzi zvakabatanidzwa netriboelectrification uye electrostatic induction.Kuti tijekese nzira yekugadzira magetsi, tinoongorora chikamu chemuchinjiko wenzvimbo iyo tambo mbiri dzinosangana (Fig. 2C1).Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2 (C2 neC3, maererano), apo TATSA inokurudzirwa nesimba rekunze uye tambo mbiri dzinosangana, magetsi anoitika pamusoro peiyo conductive uye nylon yarns, uye yakaenzana mhosva ine zvinopesana. polarities inogadzirwa pamusoro peshinda mbiri.Kana shinda mbiri idzi dzaparadzana, kuchaja kwakanaka kunopinzwa mukati mesimbi isina tsvina nekuda kweiyo electrostatic induction effect.Iyo yakazara schematic inoratidzwa mufig.S11.Kuti tiwane kunzwisisa kwakawanda kwemaitiro ekugadzira magetsi, takatevedzera kugoverwa kungangoita kweTATSA tichishandisa COMSOL software (Fig. 2D).Apo zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinosangana, mutero unonyanya kuunganidza pane friction material, uye zvishoma chete zvekutengesa zvakakonzerwa zviripo pane electrode, zvichiita kuti zvive zvishoma (Fig. 2D, pasi).Kana zvinhu zviviri izvi zvakapatsanurwa (Fig. 2D, pamusoro), iyo induced charge pa electrode inowedzera nekuda kwekusiyana kungangoita, uye inowirirana inogona kuwedzera, iyo inoratidza kuwirirana kwakanaka pakati pemigumo yakawanikwa kubva mukuyedza uye neiyo kubva mukuenzanisa. .Uyezve, sezvo iyo inoitisa electrode yeTATSA yakaputirwa mumucheka weTerylene uye ganda riri kusangana nezvose zviri zviviri friction zvinhu, saka, kana iyo TATSA inopfekwa zvakananga paganda, kubhadharisa kunoenderana nesimba rekunze uye hazvizoiti. kupera simba neganda.
Kuti tiratidze kushanda kweTATSA yedu mune zvakasiyana-siyana, takapa nzira yekuyera ine jenareta inoshanda, simba amplifier, electrodynamic shaker, simba remagetsi, electrometer, uye kombiyuta (fig. S12).Iyi sisitimu inoburitsa yekunze dynamic pressure inosvika 7 kPa.Mukuedza, TATSA yakaiswa papepa repurasitiki rakatsetseka munzvimbo yakasununguka, uye masaini emagetsi anobuda anorekodhwa ne electrometer.
Madimikira eiyo conductive uye nylon yarn anokanganisa kubuda kweTATSA nekuti ivo vanotarisa nzvimbo yekubata uye kugona kwekuona kudzvanywa kwekunze.Kuti tiongorore izvi, takagadzira masaizi matatu eshinda mbiri, zvakateerana: shinda inofambisa ine saizi ye150D/3, 210D/3, uye 250D/3 neshinda yenaironi ine saizi ye150D/6, 210D/6, uye 250D. /6 (D, denier; chiyero chekuyera chinoshandiswa kuona ukobvu hwefayibha yeshinda yega; machira ane dhiri yakawanda anowanzoita gobvu).Zvadaro, takasarudza shinda mbiri idzi dzine hukuru hwakasiyana kuti tidziise mu sensor, uye chiyero cheTATSA chakachengetwa pa 3 cm ne 3 cm nenhamba yechiuno ye 16 munzira yewale uye 10 munzira yekosi.Saka, masensa ane mapfumbamwe ekuruka maitiro akawanikwa.Sensor neshinda inoitisa ine saizi ye150D/3 neshinda yenaironi ine saizi ye150D/6 ndiyo yaive yakatetepa, uye sensor neshinda inoitisa ine saizi ye250D/3 neshinda yenaironi ine saizi ye250D/ 6 ndiyo yaive gobvu.Pasi pemagetsi ekusimudzira 0.1 kusvika ku7 kPa, magetsi emagetsi emhando idzi akaongororwa zvakarongeka uye akaedzwa, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 3A.Iwo anobuda mavoltages emapfumbamwe eTATSA akawedzera nekuwedzera kudzvanywa, kubva pa0.1 kusvika 4 kPa.Kunyanya, pamatanho ese ekuruka, iyo 210D/3 conductive yarn uye 210D/6 shinda yenaironi yakaunza yakanyanya kubuda magetsi uye yakaratidza kunzwa kwakanyanya.Kubuda kwemagetsi kwakaratidza kuwedzera kwemaitiro nekuwedzera kwehukobvu hweTATSA (nekuda kwenzvimbo yakakwana yekubata) kusvika TATSA yarukwa pachishandiswa 210D/3 conductive yarn uye 210D/6 shinda yenaironi.Sezvo kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwehukobvu kuchizotungamira mukutorwa kwekunze kudzvanywa neshinda, iyo inobuda voltage yakadzikira zvinoenderana.Uyezve, zvinocherechedzwa kuti munzvimbo yakaderera-pressure (<4 kPa), mutsara wakanyatsozvibata mumutsara wekubuda nekumanikidza kwakapa hukuru hwekumanikidza kunzwisiswa kwe7.84 mV Pa-1.Munharaunda ye-high-pressure (> 4 kPa), kuderera kwekunzwa kwe 0.31 mV Pa-1 kwakaonekwa nekuda kwekuzara kwenzvimbo inoshanda yekukwesha.Kunzwa kwekumanikidza kwakafanana kwakaratidzwa panguva yekupesana kwekushandisa simba.Iyo kongiri yenguva profiles yeyakabuda voltage uye yazvino pasi pekumanikidza kwakasiyana inoratidzwa mufig.S13 (A uye B, zvichiteerana).
(A) Kubuda kwemagetsi pasi pezvipfumbamwe zvekuruka mapatani eshinda inoitisa (150D/3, 210D/3, uye 250D/3) yakasanganiswa neshinda yenaironi (150D/6, 210D/6, uye 250D/6).(B) Voltage mhinduro kunhamba dzakasiyana dze loop mauniti munzvimbo imwechete yejira paunenge uchichengeta loop nhamba muwale nzira isina kuchinjika.(C) Zvirongwa zvinoratidzira mhinduro dzefrequency pasi pesimba resimba re1 kPa uye kumanikidza kupinza frequency ye1 Hz.(D) Yakasiyana inobuda uye yazvino voltages pasi peiyo frequencies ye1, 5, 10, uye 20 Hz.(E) Durability bvunzo yeTATSA pasi pekumanikidzwa kwe1 kPa.(F) Kubuda maitiro eTATSA mushure mekugeza makumi maviri uye makumi mana nguva.
Kunzwa uye kubuda kwemagetsi kwakakanganiswawo neiyo stitch density yeTATSA, iyo yakatemwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvishwe munzvimbo yakayerwa yejira.Kuwedzera kweiyo stitch density kwaizotungamira kune yakakura compactness yejira remachira.Mufananidzo 3B unoratidza maitiro ekubuda pasi penhamba dzakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo yemucheka ye 3 cm ne 3 cm, uye inset inoratidza chimiro che loop unit (takachengeta loop nhamba munzira yekosi pa10, uye iyo loop nhamba muchikamu. wale direction yaive 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, uye 26).Nekuwedzera loop nhamba, kubuda kwemagetsi kwakatanga kuratidza kuwedzera kwemaitiro nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekusangana kwepamusoro, kusvika iyo yakanyanya kubuda voltage peak ye7.5 V ine loop nhamba ye 180. Mushure meiyi poindi, kubuda kwemagetsi kwakatevera kuderera kwemaitiro nekuti iyo TATSA yakava yakasimba, uye shinda mbiri idzi dzaive nenzvimbo yakaderedzwa yekuparadzanisa.Kuti tiongorore kuti density ine chekuita nepi painobuda, takachengeta loop nhamba yeTATSA munzira yakananga pa18, uye iyo loop nhamba munzira yekosi yakaiswa kuti 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, uye 14. Izvo zvinoenderana nekubuda kwemagetsi zvinoratidzwa mufig.S14.Nekuenzanisa, isu tinogona kuona kuti density munzira yekosi ine simba rakakura pane inobuda voltage.Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuruka patani ye210D/3 conductive yarn uye 210D/6 shinda yenaironi uye 180 loop units zvakasarudzwa kubatanidza TATSA mushure mekuongorora kwakadzama kwemaitiro ekubuda.Uyezve, isu takafananidza masaini ekubuda kwemachira maviri masensa achishandisa yakazara cardigan musono uye plain stitch.Sezvinoratidzwa mufig.S15, kubuda kwemagetsi uye kunzwisiswa uchishandisa yakazara cardigan stitch yakakwirira kwazvo kupfuura iyo uchishandisa plain stitch.
Nguva yekupindura yekutarisa zvikwangwani zvenguva chaiyo yakayerwa.Kuti tiongorore nguva yekupindura ye sensor yedu kumasimba ekunze, takaenzanisa zviratidzo zvemagetsi zvinobuda nemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi pahuwandu hwe1 kusvika ku20 Hz (Fig. 3C uye fig. S16, maererano).Iyo yakabuda voltage waveforms yakada kufanana neyekupinza sinusoidal pressure waves pasi pekumanikidzwa kwe1 kPa, uye mafungu ekubuda aive nenguva yekupindura nekukurumidza (inenge 20 ms).Iyi hysteresis inogona kuverengerwa kune elastic chimiro chisina kudzoka kumamiriro ekutanga nekukurumidza mushure mekugamuchira simba rekunze.Zvakangodaro, iyi diki hysteresis inogamuchirwa kune chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa.Kuti uwane iyo ine simba yekumanikidza neimwe frequency renji, yakakodzera frequency mhinduro yeTATSA inotarisirwa.Nekudaro, iyo frequency maitiro eTATSA akaedzwa zvakare.Nekuwedzera kwekunze kunonakidza frequency, iyo amplitude yekubuda kwevoltage yakaramba isingachinji, nepo amplitude yezvino yakawedzera kana tapping frequencies dzakasiyana kubva 1 kusvika 20 Hz (Fig. 3D).
Kuti tiongorore kudzokororwa, kugadzikana, uye kusimba kweTATSA, takaedza iyo yakabuda voltage uye mhinduro dzazvino kudzvinyiriro yekurodha-kurodha.Kumanikidzwa kwe1 kPa ine frequency ye5 Hz yakashandiswa kune sensor.Iyo peak-to-peak voltage uye ikozvino yakanyorwa mushure me100,000 kurodha-kurodha mitsetse (Fig. 3E uye fig. S17, maererano).Maonero akawedzerwa emagetsi uye ikozvino waveform anoratidzwa mune inset yeFig. 3E uye fig.S17, zvichiteerana.Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kudzokorora kunoshamisa, kugadzikana, uye kusimba kweTATSA.Washability zvakare yakakosha yekuongorora chiyero cheTATSA sechinhu chese-machira.Kuti tiongorore kugona kwekugezesa, takaedza magetsi ekubuda kwe sensor mushure mekunge tageza-muchina TATSA maererano neAmerican Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) Test Method 135-2017.Iyo yakadzama yekugeza maitiro inotsanangurwa muZvishandiso uye Nzira.Sezvinoratidzwa muFig. 3F, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakanyorwa mushure mekugeza 20 nguva uye 40 nguva, izvo zvakaratidza kuti pakanga pasina kuchinja kwakasiyana kwekubuda kwemhepo mukati mekuedza kwekushambidza.Mhedzisiro iyi inosimbisa kushambidzika kweTATSA.Sezvipfeko zvemucheka zvinopfeka, takaongororawo maitiro ekubuda apo TATSA yakanga iri mumagetsi (fig. S18), yakamonyoroka (fig. S19), uye humidity yakasiyana (fig. S20) mamiriro.
Pahwaro hwezvakawanda zvakanakira zveTATSA zvakaratidzwa pamusoro, takagadzira isina waya yenharembozha yekutarisa hutano system (WMHMS), iyo ine hunyanzvi hwekuramba ichiwana masaini emuviri uye nekupa zano rehunyanzvi kumurwere.Mufananidzo 4A unoratidza chirongwa chedhigiramu yeWMHMS yakavakirwa paTATSA.Iyo sisitimu ine zvikamu zvina: iyo TATSA yekuwana analog physiological masiginecha, analog conditioning wedunhu ine yakaderera-pass sefa (MAX7427) uye amplifier (MAX4465) kuti ive nechokwadi chakakwana uye synchronism yezviratidzo, analog-to-digital. converter yakavakirwa paiyo microcontroller unit yekuunganidza uye kushandura masaini eanalogi kuita masaini edhijitari, uye Bluetooth module (CC2640 yakaderera-simba Bluetooth chip) kuendesa chiratidzo chedhijitari kune nhare mbozha terminal application (APP; Huawei Honor 9).Muchidzidzo ichi, takasona TATSA zvisina musono kuita lace, wristband, fingerstall, uye sock, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 4B.
(A) Mufananidzo weWMHMS.(B) Mapikicha eTATSA akasonerwa muwristband, chigunwe, sock, uye chest tambo, zvichiteerana.Kuyera kupuruzira pamutsipa (C1) mutsipa, (D1) wrist, (E1) chigunwe, uye (F1) ankle.Pulse waveform pa (C2) mutsipa, (D2) wrist, (E2) chigunwe, uye (F2) ankle.(G) Pulse waveforms yemazera akasiyana.(H) Ongororo yeimwe pulse wave.Radial augmentation index (AIx) inotsanangurwa seAIx (%) = P2 / P1.P1 ndiyo yepamusoro-soro yemafungu ari kufambira mberi, uye P2 ndiyo yepamusoro yeinoratidzwa wave.(I) Kutenderera kutenderera kwebrachial uye chidzitiro.Pulse wave velocity (PWV) inotsanangurwa sePWV = D/∆T.D chinhambwe chiri pakati pechidzitiro nebrachial.∆T ndiyo nguva yekunonoka pakati pepamusoro pechidzitiro uye brachial pulse waves.PTT, pulse transit nguva.(J) Kuenzanisa kweAIx uye brachial-ankle PWV (BAPWV) pakati pehutano neCADs.*P <0.01, **P <0.001, uye ***P <0.05.HTN, hypertension;CHD, chirwere chemwoyo;DM, chirwere cheshuga mellitus.Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Jin Yang, Chongqing University.
Kuti titarise zviratidzo zvekuputika kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri womunhu, takabatanidza zvishongedzo zvambotaurwa neTATSA kune zvinzvimbo zvinowirirana: mutsipa (Fig. 4C1), wrist (Fig. 4D1), munwe (Fig. 4E1), uye chitsitsinho (Fig. 4F1) ), sekutsanangurwa kwemafirimu S3 kusvika S6.Mumushonga, kune matatu akakosha mapoinzi mu pulse wave: pamusoro peiyo inofambira mberi wave P1, iyo yepamusoro yeinoratidzwa wave P2, uye pamusoro peiyo dicrotic wave P3.Hunhu hweaya maficha mapoinzi anoratidza hutano mamiriro e arterial elasticity, peripheral resistance, uye left ventricular contractility ine chekuita nemoyo wemoyo.Mapulse waveforms emukadzi ane makore makumi maviri nemashanu okuzvarwa pazvinzvimbo zvina zviri pamusoro akawanikwa uye akarekodhwa muyedzo yedu.Ziva kuti matatu anopatsanurika mapoinzi (P1 kusvika P3) akaonekwa pane pulse waveform pamutsipa, wrist, uye zvigunwe zvinzvimbo, sezvakaratidzwa muFig. 4 (C2 kusvika E2).Kusiyana neizvi, chete P1 uye P3 yakaonekwa pane pulse waveform panzvimbo yemakumbo, uye P2 yakanga isipo (Fig. 4F2).Ichi chigumisiro chakakonzerwa nepamusoro-soro yeropa rinouya rinobudiswa ne ventricle yekuruboshwe uye mhepo inoratidzwa kubva kumakumbo ezasi (44).Zvidzidzo zvepamberi zvakaratidza kuti P2 inopa mumafungu akayerwa mumucheto wepamusoro asi kwete mutsoka (45, 46).Isu takacherekedza mhedzisiro yakafanana mumasaisai akayerwa neTATSA, sezvakaratidzwa mufig.S21, inoratidza yakajairika data kubva kuhuwandu hwevarwere makumi masere vakadzidza pano.Isu tinogona kuona kuti P2 haina kuoneka mune aya pulse waveform akayerwa muchiuno, zvichiratidza kugona kweTATSA kuona zvisizvo mukati meiyo waveform.Iyi mibairo yekuyeresa inoratidza kuti WMHMS yedu inogona kunyatso ratidza pulse wave maitiro ekumusoro uye pasi muviri uye kuti yakakwirira kune mamwe mabasa (41, 47).Kuenderera mberi nekuratidza kuti TATSA yedu inogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya kumazera akasiyana, takayera pulse waveforms ezvidzidzo zve80 pamazera akasiyana, uye isu takaratidza imwe yakajairika data, sezvakaratidzwa mufig.S22.Sezvakaratidzwa muFig. 4G, takasarudza vatori vechikamu vatatu vane makore 25, 45, uye 65, uye zvikamu zvitatu zvezvikamu zvaive pachena kune vechidiki nevepakati-kati vatori vechikamu.Maererano nemabhuku ezvokurapa (48), maitiro evanhu vakawanda vepulse waveforms anoshanduka sezvavanokura, zvakadai sekunyangarika kwepoindi P2, iyo inokonzerwa nesaisai inotaridzwa inofambiswa mberi kuti izviise pamusoro pemafungu ari kufambira mberi kuburikidza nekuderera kwe. vascular elasticity.Chiitiko ichi chinoratidzwawo mumasaisai atakaunganidza, tichienderera mberi tichiona kuti TATSA inogona kuiswa kune vanhu vakasiyana.
Pulse waveform inobatwa kwete chete nechimiro chemuviri wemunhu asiwo nemamiriro ekuyedzwa.Nokudaro, takayera zviratidzo zvepilse pasi pekubatana kwakasiyana-siyana pakati peTATSA neganda (fig. S23) uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutsvaga panzvimbo yekuyera (fig. S24).Inogona kuwanikwa kuti TATSA inogona kuwana anowirirana pulse waveforms ine ruzivo rwakadzama rwakatenderedza chikepe munzvimbo yakakura inoshanda yekuona panzvimbo yekuyeresa.Uye zvakare, kune akasiyana masaini ekubuda pasi peakasiyana kubata tightness pakati peTATSA neganda.Pamusoro pezvo, kufamba kwevanhu vakapfeka ma sensors kwaizokanganisa masaini epulse.Kana wrist yenyaya iri muchimiro chakamira, iyo amplitude yeakawanikwa pulse waveform yakagadzikana (fig. S25A);zvakasiyana, apo wrist inofamba zvishoma nezvishoma pakona kubva -70 ° kusvika 70 ° panguva ye30 s, iyo amplitude yepulse waveform ichachinja (fig. S25B).Nekudaro, iyo contour yeimwe neimwe pulse waveform inoonekwa, uye iyo pulse rate ichiri kugona kuwanikwa.Zviripachena, kuti uwane yakagadzikana pulse wave acquisition mukufamba kwevanhu, rimwe basa rinosanganisira sensor dhizaini uye yekumashure-yekupedzisira chiratidzo chekugadzirisa inodiwa kuti iongororwe.
Uyezve, kuongorora uye kuongorora huwandu hwemamiriro ehutano hwemoyo kuburikidza neakawanikwa pulse waveforms tichishandisa TATSA yedu, takaunza maviri hemodynamic parameters zvichienderana nekuongororwa kweiyo cardiovascular system, iyo, iyo augmentation index (AIx) uye pulse wave velocity. (PWV), iyo inomiririra elasticity yetsinga.Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 4H, iyo pulse waveform panzvimbo yewrist ye25-year-old manhealth man yakashandiswa pakuongorora kweAIx.Zvinoenderana nechimiro (chikamu S1), AIx = 60% yakawanikwa, inova yakakosha kukosha.Zvadaro, isu panguva imwe chete takaunganidza maviri pulse waveforms paruoko uye pamakumbo emutori wechikamu uyu (iyo yakadzama nzira yekuyera iyo pulse waveform inotsanangurwa muZvishandiso uye Nzira).Sezvinoratidzwa muFig. 4I, zvikamu zvezvikamu zviviri zvepulse waveforms zvaive zvakasiyana.Isu takazoverenga iyo PWV maererano neformula (chikamu S1).PWV = 1363 cm/s, inova hunhu hunotarisirwa kumunhurume mukuru ane hutano, hwakawanikwa.Kune rimwe divi, isu tinogona kuona kuti metrics yeAIx kana PWV haina kukanganiswa nekusiyana kweamplitude yepulse waveform, uye kukosha kweAIx munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemuviri dzakasiyana.Muchidzidzo chedu, iyo radial AIx yakashandiswa.Kuti tione kushanda kweWMHMS muvanhu vakasiyana, takasarudza vatori vechikamu makumi maviri muboka rine hutano, 20 muboka rehypertension (HTN), makumi maviri muboka recoronary heart disease (CHD) kubva ku50 kusvika ku59 yemakore, uye 20 mune chirwere cheshuga mellitus (DM) boka.Takayera masaisai avo ekuputika uye tikaenzanisa maparameter avo maviri, AIx nePWV, sezvakaratidzwa muFig. 4J.Zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti maPWV maitiro eHTN, CHD, uye DM mapoka aive akaderera kana achienzaniswa neaya eboka rine hutano uye ane mutsauko wenhamba (PHTN ≪ 0.001, PCHD ≪ 0.001, uye PDM ≪ 0.001; iyo P tsika dzakaverengerwa net. bvunzo).Zvichakadaro, maitiro eAIx emapoka eHTN neCHD akanga akaderera kana achienzaniswa neboka rine utano uye ane nhamba yakasiyana (PHTN <0.01, PCHD <0.001, uye PDM <0.05).Iyo PWV neAIx yevatori vechikamu vane CHD, HTN, kana DM yaive yakakwirira kudarika yeavo vari muboka rine hutano.Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti TATSA inokwanisa kunyatso kuwana iyo pulse waveform kuverenga iyo yemoyo vascular parameter yekuongorora hutano hwemoyo.Mukupedzisa, nekuda kweiyo isina waya, yakakwirira-resolution, yakakwirira-sevhitivity maitiro uye kunyaradza, iyo WMHMS yakavakirwa paTATSA inopa imwe nzira inoshanda yekutarisa-yenguva chaiyo kupfuura ikozvino inodhura michina yekurapa inoshandiswa muzvipatara.
Kunze kweiyo pulse wave, ruzivo rwekufema zvakare chiratidzo chakakosha chekubatsira kuongorora mamiriro emuviri wemunhu.Kutariswa kwekufema kwakavakirwa paTATSA yedu kunokwezva kupfuura iyo yakajairwa polysomnography nekuti inogona kubatanidzwa zvisina musono muzvipfeko kuitira kunyaradzwa zviri nani.Yakarukwa muchena elastic chest strap, iyo TATSA yakasungirirwa zvakananga kumuviri wemunhu uye yakachengetedzwa pachipfuva chekutarisa kufema (Fig. 5A uye firimu S7).Iyo TATSA yakaremara nekuwedzera uye kudhonzwa kwembabvu, zvichikonzera kubuda kwemagetsi.Iyo yakawanikwa waveform inosimbiswa muFig. 5B.Chiratidzo chine shanduko huru (amplitude ye 1.8 V) uye nguva nenguva shanduko (nguva yakawanda ye 0.5 Hz) inoenderana nekufambisa kwekufema.Chiratidziro chidiki chekuchinja-chinja chakaiswa pamusoro pechiratidzo chikuru ichi chekuchinja, icho chaive chiratidzo chekurova kwemoyo.Zvinoenderana neakawanda maitiro ekufema uye kurova kwemoyo masaini, takashandisa 0.8-Hz yakaderera-pass sefa uye 0.8- kusvika 20-Hz bhendi-pass sefa kuparadzanisa masaini ekufema uye kurova kwemoyo, zvichiteerana, sezvakaratidzwa muFig. 5C. .Muchiitiko ichi, zviratidzo zvakagadzikana zvekufema uye kupuruzira zvine ruzivo rwakawanda rwemuviri (zvakadai sekufema kwekufema, kurova kwemoyo, uye zvikamu zvepilse wave) zvakawanikwa panguva imwe chete uye zvakarurama nekungoisa TATSA imwe chete pachipfuva.
(A) Mufananidzo unoratidza kuratidzwa kweTATSA yakaiswa pachipfuva chekuyera chiratidzo mukumanikidzwa kwakabatana nekufema.(B) Voltage-nguva chirongwa cheTATSA chakaiswa pachipfuva.(C) Kuparara kwechiratidzo (B) mukati mekurova kwemoyo uye nekufema waveform.(D) Mufananidzo unoratidza maTATSA maviri akaiswa padumbu neruoko rwekuyera kufema uye kupuruzira, zvichiteerana, panguva yekurara.(E) Kufema uye kupuruzira masaini emutori ane hutano.HR, kurova kwemoyo;BPM, inorova paminiti.(F) Kufema uye kupuruzira masaini emutori wechikamu weSAS.(G) Chiratidzo chekufema uye PTT yevatori vechikamu vane hutano.(H) Chiratidzo chekufema uye PTT yemubatanidzwa weSAS.(I) Ukama pakati pePTT arousal index uye apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Wenjing Fan, Chongqing University.
Kuratidza kuti sensor yedu inokwanisa kunyatso uye nekuvimbika kutarisa pulse uye masaini ekufema, takaita ongororo yekuenzanisa mhedzisiro yekupuruzira uye masaini ekufema pakati peTATSAs edu nechiridzwa chekurapa (MHM-6000B), sekutsanangurwa mumabhaisikopo S8. uye s9.Pakuyeresa pulse wave, iyo photoelectric sensor yechishandiso chekurapa yaipfekwa kuruboshwe kwechigunwe chemusikana wechidiki, uye panguva iyi, TATSA yedu yakanga yakapfekwa pachigunwe chekurudyi.Kubva kune maviri akawanikwa pulse waveforms, isu tinogona kuona kuti iwo contours uye ruzivo rwakafanana, zvichiratidza kuti pulse yakayerwa neTATSA ndeyechokwadi seicho nechiridzwa chekurapa.Mukuyerwa kwemafungu ekufema, mashanu electrocardiographic electrode akasungirirwa kunzvimbo shanu pamuviri wejaya zvichienderana nerairo yekurapa.Kusiyana neizvi, TATSA imwe chete yaive yakasungirirwa zvakananga kumuviri uye yakachengetedzwa pachipfuva.Kubva pane zvakaunganidzwa masaini ekufema, zvinogona kuoneka kuti mutsauko uye chiyero chechiratidzo chekufema chakaonekwa neTATSA yedu chaienderana nechiridzwa chekurapa.Izvi zviviri zviedzo zvekuenzanisa zvakasimbisa huchokwadi, kuvimbika, uye kureruka kwesensa system yedu yekutarisa pulse uye masaini ekufema.
Uyezve, takagadzira chimedu chembatya dzakangwara ndokusona maTATSA maviri padumbu nepachanza chekutarisa masaini ekufema uye kupuruzira, zvichiteerana.Kunyanya, yakagadziridzwa mbiri-channel WMHMS yakashandiswa kubata pulse uye masaini ekufema panguva imwe chete.Kuburikidza nehurongwa uhu, takawana zviratidzo zvekufema uye kuputika kwemurume ane makore makumi maviri nemashanu akapfeka zvipfeko zvedu zvakanaka paanenge akarara (Fig. 5D uye firimu S10) uye akagara (fig. S26 uye firimu S11).Iwo akawanikwa masaini ekufema uye kupuruzira anogona kufambiswa zvisina waya kune APP yefoni mbozha.Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, iyo TATSA inokwanisa kubata masaini ekufema uye kupuruzira.Aya masaini maviri emuviri masaini zvakare ndiwo maitiro ekufungidzira SAS mukurapa.Naizvozvo, TATSA yedu inogona zvakare kushandiswa kutarisa uye kuongorora kunaka kwekurara uye zvine hukama nekurara.Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 5 (E uye F, maererano), takaramba tichiyera pulse uye mafungu ekufema kwevatori vechikamu vaviri, ane hutano uye murwere ane SAS.Kune munhu asina apnea, kuyerwa kwekufema uye pulse rates yakaramba yakagadzikana pa15 ne70, zvichiteerana.Kune murwere ane SAS, apnea yakasiyana ye24 s, iyo inoratidzira chiitiko chinodzivisa kufema, yakaonekwa, uye kurova kwemoyo zvishoma nezvishoma kwakawedzera mushure menguva yepnea nekuda kwekugadzirisa kwenheyo system (49).Muchidimbu, chimiro chekufema chinogona kuongororwa neTATSA yedu.
Kuti tiwedzere kuongorora rudzi rweSAS kuburikidza nekuputika uye zviratidzo zvekufema, takaongorora pulse transit time (PTT), chiratidzo chisingaoneki chinoratidza kuchinja kweperipheral vascular resistance uye intrathoracic pressure (inotsanangurwa muchikamu S1) yemurume ane hutano uye murwere ane SAS.Kune vatori vechikamu vane hutano, kufema kwakaramba kusina kuchinja, uye PTT yakanga yakagadzikana kubva ku180 kusvika ku310 ms (Fig. 5G).Zvisinei, kune SAS mubatanidzwa, PTT yakawedzera nguva dzose kubva ku120 kusvika ku310 ms panguva yepnea (Fig. 5H).Saka, mutori wechikamu akaonekwa aine obstructive SAS (OSAS).Kana shanduko yePTT yakadzikira panguva yeapnea, ipapo mamiriro acho angave akatemerwa sepakati pekurara apnea syndrome (CSAS), uye kana zvese izvi zviviri zviratidzo zvaivepo panguva imwe chete, zvino yaizoonekwa seyakasanganiswa SAS (MSAS).Kuti tiongorore kuomarara kweSAS, isu takaongororazve masaini akaunganidzwa.PTT arousal index, iyo nhamba yePTT arousals paawa (PTT arousal inotsanangurwa sekudonha muPTT ye ≥15 ms inogara ye ≥3 s), inoita basa rinokosha pakuongorora dhigirii reSAS.Iyo apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) chiyero chekutarisa dhigirii reSAS (apnea kupera kwekufema, uye hypopnea kufema kwakanyanya kudzika kana kufema kwakanyanya kuderera), iyo inotsanangurwa sehuwandu hweapneas uye hypopnea pa. awa uchirara (hukama huri pakati peAHI uye chiyero chekuyera cheOSAS chinoratidzwa mutafura S2).Kuti uongorore hukama pakati peAHI nePTT arousal index, zviratidzo zvekufema zvevarwere ve20 vane SAS zvakasarudzwa uye zvakaongororwa neTATSAs.Sezvinoratidzwa muFig. 5I, iyo PTT inomutsa index yakabatana zvakanaka neAHI, sezvo apnea uye hypopnea panguva yehope inokonzera kujeka uye kwenguva pfupi kukwidziridzwa kweropa, zvichiita kuti kuderera kwePTT.Naizvozvo, TATSA yedu inogona kuwana yakagadzikana uye yakaringana pulse uye masaini ekufema panguva imwe chete, nekudaro ichipa ruzivo rwakakosha rwemuviri pane yemoyo system uye SAS yekutarisisa uye kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvinoenderana.
Muchidimbu, takagadzira TATSA tichishandisa iyo yakazara cardigan musono kuona masaini akasiyana emuviri panguva imwe chete.Iyi sensor yakaratidza kunzwisiswa kwepamusoro kwe7.84 mV Pa-1, nguva yekupindura inokurumidza ye20 ms, kugadzikana kwepamusoro kwepamusoro pe100,000 cycles, uye yakawanda yekushanda frequency bandwidth.Pahwaro hweTATSA, WMHMS yakagadziridzwa zvakare kufambisa akayerwa physiological parameters kunharembozha.TATSA inogona kuverengerwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehembe dzekushongedza dhizaini uye inoshandiswa panguva imwe chete kutarisa kupuruzira uye masaini ekufema munguva chaiyo.Iyo sisitimu inogona kushandiswa kubatsira kusiyanisa pakati pevanhu vane hutano neavo vane CAD kana SAS nekuda kwekugona kwayo kutora ruzivo rwakadzama.Chidzidzo ichi chakapa nzira yakagadzika, inoshanda, uye inoshandisika mushandisi yekuyera kupomba nekufema kwevanhu, inomiririra kufambira mberi mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi anogona kupfekwa.
Simbi isina tsvina yakaramba ichipfuudzwa muforoma uye yakatambanudzwa kuita fiber ine dhayamita ye10 μm.Fiber yesimbi isina tsvina sezvo electrode yakaiswa muzvidimbu zvinoverengeka zvekutengesa imwe-ply Terylene yarns.
Jenareta inoshanda (Stanford DS345) uye amplifier (LabworkPa-13) yakashandiswa kupa sinusoidal pressure signal.A dual-range force sensor (Vernier Software & Technology LLC) yakashandiswa kuyera kumanikidzwa kwekunze kwakaiswa kuTATSA.Keithley system electrometer (Keithley 6514) yakashandiswa kutarisa uye kurekodha kubuda kwemagetsi uye ikozvino kweTATSA.
Zvinoenderana neAATCC Test Method 135-2017, isu takashandisa iyo TATSA uye yakakwana ballast seye 1.8-kg mutoro uye tozoisa mumuchina wekutengesa wekutengesa (Labtex LBT-M6T) kuita mitsetse yekugeza muchina.Zvadaro, takazadza muchina wekusuka ne 18 magaloni emvura pa 25 ° C uye takaisa washer kune yakasarudzwa yakasarudzwa kutenderera uye nguva (agitation speed, 119 strokes paminiti; nguva yekugeza, 6 min; yekupedzisira spin speed, 430 rpm; yekupedzisira; nguva yekutenderera, 3 min).Pakupedzisira, iyo TATSA yakaturikwa yakaoma mumhepo ichiri pamhepo tembiricha isingakwire kupfuura 26°C.
Vaidzidza vakanzi varare vakatsikitsira pamubhedha.Iyo TATSA yakaiswa panzvimbo dzekuyeresa.Kamwe chete izvo zvidzidzo zvanga zvave mune yakajairwa supine chinzvimbo, ivo vakaramba vakasununguka zvachose kwe5 kusvika 10 min.The pulse signal yakabva yatanga kuyera.
Zvekuwedzera zvechinyorwa chino zvinowanikwa pa https://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/6/11/eaay2840/DC1
Mufananidzo S9.Simulation mhedzisiro yekugovera kwesimba kweTATSA pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaiswa pa0.2 kPa uchishandisa iyo COMSOL software.
Mufananidzo S10.Simulation mhedzisiro yekugovera kwesimba kweiyo yekubatanidza unit pasi pekumanikidza kunoshandiswa pa 0.2 uye 2 kPa, zvichiteerana.
Mufananidzo S11.Yakazara schematic mifananidzo yekuchaja kuchinjirwa kweiyo yekusangana unit pasi penguva pfupi-circuit mamiriro.
Mufananidzo S13.Inoenderera mberi inoburitsa voltage uye ikozvino yeTATSA mukupindura kunoramba kuchishandiswa kwekunze kumanikidza mukuyera kutenderera.
Mufananidzo S14.Voltage inopindura kunhamba dzakasiyana dze loop unit munzvimbo imwe chete yejira kana uchichengeta loop nhamba iri munzira yekuenda isina kuchinjika.
Mufananidzo S15.Kuenzanisa pakati pezvinobuda kuita zvemachira maviri sensors uchishandisa yakazara cardigan musono uye plain stitch.
Mufananidzo S16.Zvirongwa zvinotaridza mhinduro dzefrequency pamhepo ine simba ye1 kPa uye kudzvanywa kwekuisa frequency ye3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18, uye 20 Hz.
Mufananidzo S25.Iyo yakabuda voltages ye sensor kana chinyorwa chaive chiri mune static uye mafambiro mamiriro.
Mufananidzo S26.Mufananidzo unoratidza maTATSA akaiswa padumbu neparuoko panguva imwe chete yekuyera kufema uye kupomba, zvichiteerana.
Ichi chinyorwa chakavhurika chinogoverwa pasi pemitemo yeCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial rezinesi, iyo inobvumidza kushandiswa, kugovera, uye kubereka mune chero svikiro, chero mhedzisiro kushandiswa kusiri kwekutengesa bhizimusi uye kana basa rekutanga rakakodzera. quoted.
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NaWenjing Fan, Qiang He, Keyu Meng, Xulong Tan, Zhihao Zhou, Gaoqiang Zhang, Jin Yang, Zhong Lin Wang
Iyo triboelectric all-textile sensor ine high pressure sensitivity uye nyaradzo yakagadziridzwa yekutarisa hutano.
NaWenjing Fan, Qiang He, Keyu Meng, Xulong Tan, Zhihao Zhou, Gaoqiang Zhang, Jin Yang, Zhong Lin Wang
Iyo triboelectric all-textile sensor ine high pressure sensitivity uye nyaradzo yakagadziridzwa yekutarisa hutano.
© 2020 American Association yekufambira mberi kweSainzi.Kodzero dzese dzakachengetwa.AAAS ishamwari yeHINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef uye COUNTER.Science Advances ISSN 2375-2548.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-27-2020