Yiziphi izithako eziyimfihlo ezenza uhlelo lwama-Dutch lube luhle kakhulu uma kuziwa ekulawuleni imfucuza kanye nokugaywa kabusha?
Yiziphi izithako eziyimfihlo ezenza uhlelo lwama-Dutch lube luhle kakhulu uma kuziwa ekulawuleni imfucuza kanye nokugaywa kabusha?Futhi obani izinkampani ezihamba phambili?I-WMW ibheka ...
Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo sokulawula imfucuza esisezingeni eliphezulu, iNetherlands iyakwazi ukugaywa kabusha imfucuza engekho ngaphansi kuka-64% - futhi ingxenye enkulu esele ishiswa ukuze ikhiqize ugesi.Ngenxa yalokho, amaphesenti amancane kuphela agcina esendaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu.Emkhakheni wokwenza kabusha leli yizwe eliyingqayizivele.
Indlela yamaDashi ilula: gwema ukudala imfucuza ngangokunokwenzeka, buyisela izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile kuyo, ukhiqize amandla ngokushisa imfucumfucu eyinsalela, bese ulahla okusele - kodwa wenze kanjalo ngendlela evumelana nemvelo.Le ndlela - eyaziwa ngele-'Lansink's Ladder' ngemva kweLungu Lephalamende lase-Dutch elayihlongoza - yahlanganiswa nomthetho wase-Dutch ngo-1994 futhi yenza isisekelo 'sombuso kadoti' ku-European Waste Framework Directive.
Ucwaningo olwenzelwe i-TNT Post lwembula ukuthi ukuhlukanisa imfucuza kuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yezemvelo phakathi kwabantu baseDutch.Bangaphezu kuka-90% abantu baseDutch abahlukanisa imfucuza yasendlini.I-Synovate/Inhlolokhono ye-NSS ixoxisane nabathengi abangaphezu kuka-500 mayelana nokuqwashisa kwabo ngezemvelo kunhlolovo ye-TNT Post.Ukuvala umpompi ngenkathi uxubha amazinyo kwakuyisinyathelo sesibili esidume kakhulu (amaphesenti angu-80 abantu okwaxoxwa nabo) okulandelwa ukwehlisa i-thermostat 'idigri noma amabili' (75%).Ukufaka izihlungi zekhabhoni ezimotweni kanye nokuthenga imikhiqizo yebhayoloji kwenzeke ngokuhlanganyela phansi ohlwini.
Ukuntuleka kwendawo kanye nokuqwashisa okukhulayo kwezemvelo kwaphoqa uhulumeni waseDutch ukuthi athathe izinyathelo kusenesikhathi zokunciphisa ukugcwaliswa kwemfucuza.Lokhu kunikeza izinkampani ukuzethemba kokutshala imali ezisombululweni ezihambisana nemvelo.'Singakwazi ukusiza amazwe aseqala ukwenza lezi zinhlobo zokutshala izimali ukugwema amaphutha esawenza,' kusho u-Dick Hoogendoorn, umqondisi we-Dutch Waste Management Association (DWMA).
I-DTMA ikhuthaza izintshisekelo zezinkampani ezingaba ngu-50 ezibambe iqhaza ekuqoqeni, ekusetshenzisweni kabusha, ekucubunguleni, ekwenzeni umquba, ekushiseni nasekugcwaliseni imfucuza.Amalungu ale nhlangano asukela ezinkampanini ezincane, ezisebenza esifundeni kuya ezinkampanini ezinkulu ezisebenza emhlabeni jikelele.U-Hoogendoorn ujwayelene nakho kokubili izici ezingokoqobo kanye nenqubomgomo yokulawulwa kwemfucuza, usebenze kokubili ku-Ministry of Health, Spatial Planning and Environment, futhi njengomqondisi wenkampani elungisa imfucuza.
I-Netherlands 'inesakhiwo sokuphatha imfucuza' esiyingqayizivele.Izinkampani zamaDashi zinobuchwepheshe bokuthola okuphezulu emfucumfucwini yazo ngendlela ekhaliphile neqhubekayo.Le nqubo yokucabanga phambili yokulawulwa kwemfucuza yaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1980 lapho ukuqwashisa ngesidingo sezinye izindlela zokulahla imfucumfucu kwaqala ukukhula ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunakwamanye amazwe.Kube nokuntuleka kwezindawo zokulahla ezingase zibe khona kanye nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngemvelo emphakathini wonkana.
Ukuphikiswa okuningi kwezindawo zokulahla imfucuza - iphunga, ukungcoliswa komhlabathi, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba - kuholele iPhalamende laseDashi ukuba liphasise isiphakamiso esethula indlela eqhubekayo yokulawulwa kwemfucuza.
Akekho ongakha imakethe yokucubungula udoti ngokuvele aqwashise.Okugcine kwabonakala kuyisici esinqumayo e-Netherlands, u-Hoogendoorn uthi, imithethonqubo esetshenziswa uhulumeni 'njengeLansink's Ladder'.Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, izinhloso zokugaywa kabusha zabekwa endaweni yezindawo ezilahla udoti ezihlukahlukene, njengodoti wemvelo, imfucumfucu eyingozi kanye nemfucumfucu yokwakha kanye nokubhidliza.Ukwethula intela kuwo wonke amathani ezinto ezilahliwe kwakubalulekile njengoba kwanikeza izinkampani ezikhiqiza udoti ugqozi lokubheka ezinye izindlela - njengokushiswa nokugaywa kabusha - ngenxa nje yokuthi manje zase zithandeka kakhulu ngokombono wezezimali.
'Imakethe yemfucuza ingeyokwenziwa kakhulu,' kusho u-Hoogendoorn.'Ngaphandle kohlelo lwemithetho neziqondiso zezinto ezilahlwayo isisombululo sizoba indawo yokulahla imfucuza ngaphandle kwedolobha lapho kuthathwa khona yonke imfucuza.Ngenxa yokuthi kwasungulwa izindlela zokulawula eziqinile ekuqaleni eNetherlands kwakunamathuba alabo abenza okungaphezu nje kokushayela izimoto zabo endaweni yokulahla indawo.Izinkampani ezilungisa imfucuza zidinga amathuba ukuze zenze imisebenzi enenzuzo, futhi udoti ugijima njengamanzi uye kwephansi - okungukuthi iphuzu elishibhe kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, ngezinhlinzeko eziphoqelekile nezinqatshelwe nezintela, ungaphoqelela izinga elingcono lokucutshungulwa kukadoti.Imakethe izokwenza umsebenzi wayo, inqobo nje uma kukhona inqubomgomo engaguquki futhi ethembekile.'Imfucuza e-Netherlands okwamanje ibiza cishe u-€35 ngethani, kanye nenye eyengeziwe engu-€87 yentela uma imfucuza ivutha, ebiza kakhulu kunokushiswa.'Ngakho-ke ukushiswa kungazelelwe kuyindlela ekhangayo,' kusho u-Hoogendoorn.'Uma unganikezi lelo themba enkampanini eshisa imfucuza, bazothi, "yini, ucabanga ukuthi ngiyahlanya?"Kodwa uma bebona ukuthi uhulumeni ubeka imali yabo lapho umlomo wabo ukhona, bazothi, "Ngingakha isithando somlilo ngaleyo mali."Uhulumeni ubeka imingcele, sigcwalisa imininingwane.'
U-Hoogendoorn uyazi ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe embonini, futhi ekuzwa kumalungu akhe, ukuthi izinkampani zaseDutch ezilungisa imfucuza zivame ukusondelana nazo ukuphatha ukuqoqwa nokucutshungulwa kwemfucuza emhlabeni wonke.Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi inqubomgomo kahulumeni iyisici esibalulekile.'Izinkampani ngeke zithi "yebo" kanjalo nje,' usho kanje.'Badinga ithemba lokwenza inzuzo esikhathini eside, ngakho-ke bayohlala befuna ukwazi ukuthi abenzi bezinqubomgomo bazi ngokwanele yini ukuthi uhlelo ludinga ukuguquka, futhi uma bezimisele futhi ukuhumusha lokho kuqwashisa kube umthetho, imithethonqubo kanye nezezimali. izilinganiso.'Uma lolo hlaka selukhona, izinkampani zaseDashi zingangena.
Nokho, uHoogendoorn ukuthola kunzima ukuchaza kahle ukuthi yini ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe benkampani.'Kufanele ukwazi ukuqoqa udoti - leyo akuyona into ongayenza njengokwengeza.Ngenxa yokuthi sesinesikhathi eside sisebenzisa uhlelo lwethu eNetherlands, singakwazi ukusiza amazwe ukuthi aqale.'
'Awusuki nje ekugcwaliseni udoti uye ekugayweni kabusha.Akuyona nje into engahle ihlelwe ukusuka kolunye usuku kuye kolandelayo ngokuthenga izimoto ezintsha eziyi-14 zokuqoqa.Ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokwandisa ukuhlukana emthonjeni ungaqinisekisa ukuthi kancane kancane imfucuza iya ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza.Khona-ke kufanele wazi ukuthi uzokwenzani ngempahla.Uma uqoqa ingilazi, kufanele uthole indawo yokucubungula ingilazi.E-Netherlands, sifunde kabuhlungu ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha alungeni emoyeni.Sahlangabezana nenkinga eminyakeni eminingana edlule ngepulasitiki: isibalo esincane somasipala saqoqa upulasitiki, kodwa akuzange kube khona uchungechunge lwezokuthutha ngaleso sikhathi ukucubungula okwakuqoqwe.'
Ohulumeni bangaphandle kanye nobambiswano lukahulumeni nezizimele bangasebenzisana namafemu e-Dutch consultancy ukuze bakhe isakhiwo esizwakalayo.Izinkampani ezifana neRoyal Haskoning, iTebodin, iGrontmij kanye ne-DHV zithekelisa ulwazi nobungcweti besiDashi emhlabeni wonke.Njengoba u-Hoogendoorn echaza: 'Basiza ekwakheni uhlelo oluphelele olubeka isimo samanje, kanye nendlela yokwandisa kancane kancane ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza kanye nokuqeda ukulahla okuvulekile kanye nezinhlelo zokuqoqa ezinganele.'
Lezi zinkampani zihle ekuhloleni ukuthi yini engokoqobo nokuthi yini engekho.'Konke kumayelana nokudala amathemba, ngakho-ke kufanele uqale wakhe inqwaba yezindawo zokulahla ezinokuvikelwa okwanele kwemvelo kanye nempilo yomphakathi bese kancane kancane uthathe izinyathelo ezisiza ukugqugquzela ukugaywa kabusha.'
Izinkampani zamaDashi kusafanele ziye phesheya ukuze ziyothenga izinto zokushisisa, kodwa uhlaka lokulawula eNetherlands lunikeze imboni yokukhiqiza esekelwe kumasu anjengokuhlunga nokwenza umquba.Izinkampani ezifana ne-Gicom en Orgaworld zithengisa imigudu yokwenza umquba nezomisi bebhayoloji emhlabeni wonke, kuyilapho i-Bollegraaf ne-Bakker Magnetics izihola phambili izinkampani zokuhlunga.
Njengoba u-Hoogendoorn ebeka ngokufanelekile: 'Le mibono enesibindi ikhona ngoba uhulumeni uthatha ingxenye yengozi ngokunikeza uxhaso.'
I-VARInkampani egaya kabusha i-VAR iphambili kwezobuchwephesha bokugaywa kabusha kukadoti.Umqondisi uHannet de Vries uthi inkampani ikhula ngesivinini esikhulu.Ukwengezwa kwakamuva ukufakwa kokuvutshelwa kwemfucuza yemvelo, okukhiqiza ugesi emfucumfucwini osekelwe ezitshalweni.Ukufakwa okusha kubiza u-€11 million.'Bekuwutshalomali olukhulu kithina,' kusho u-De Vries.'Kodwa sifuna ukuhlala sihamba phambili ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha.'
Le ndawo ibikade iyindawo yokulahla udoti kamasipala waseVoorst.Imfucuza yalahlwa lapha futhi izintaba zakhiwa kancane kancane.Kwakukhona i-crusher esizeni, kodwa akukho okunye.Ngo-1983 umasipala wathengisa umhlaba, ngaleyo ndlela wakha indawo yokuqala yokulahla imfucuza ephethwe ngasese.Eminyakeni eyalandela i-VAR yakhula kancane kancane isuka ekubeni indawo yokulahla imfucuza yaba inkampani egaya kabusha, ekhuthazwa umthetho omusha owawuvimbela ukulahlwa kwemfucuza eyengeziwe.'Kube nokusebenzisana okukhuthazayo phakathi kukahulumeni wase-Dutch kanye nemboni yokulungisa imfucuza,' kusho u-Gert Klein, oyiMenenja Yezokumaketha ne-PR ye-VAR.'Sikwazile ukwenza okuningi futhi nomthetho uchitshiyelwa ngendlela efanele.Saqhubeka nokuthuthukisa inkampani ngesikhathi esifanayo.'Kusele amagquma aminyene kuphela njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi kwake kwaba khona indawo yokulahla udoti kule ndawo.
I-VAR manje isiyinkampani esebenza ngokugcwele egaya kabusha enezigaba ezinhlanu: amaminerali, ukuhlunga, i-biogenic, amandla kanye nobunjiniyela.Lesi sakhiwo sisekelwe ohlotsheni lwemisebenzi (ukuhlunga), izinto eziphathwayo (amaminerali, i-biogenic) kanye nomkhiqizo wokugcina (amandla).Ekugcineni, nokho, konke kufika entweni eyodwa, kusho uDe Vries.'Sithola cishe yonke inhlobo yemfucuza engena lapha, okuhlanganisa imfucumfucu yezakhiwo exubile nokubhidlizwa, i-biomass, izinsimbi nomhlabathi ongcolile, futhi cishe yonke ithengiswa kabusha ngemva kokucutshungulwa - njenge-granulate yepulasitiki embonini, umquba wezinga eliphezulu, inhlabathi ehlanzekile, namandla, uma sibala izibonelo ezimbalwa nje.'
'Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhasimende liletha ini,' kusho u-De Vries, 'siyayihlunga, siyihlanze futhi sicubungule indaba esele sibe izinto ezintsha ezisebenzisekayo ezifana namabhulokhi okhonkolo, inhlabathi ehlanzekile, epholile, umquba wezitshalo ezifakwe embizeni: amathuba awapheli. '
Igesi ye-methane evuthayo ikhishwa endaweni ye-VAR futhi izithunywa zakwamanye amazwe - njengeqembu lakamuva elivela eNingizimu Afrika - zivakashela i-VAR njalo.'Babenentshisekelo enkulu ekukhishweni kwegesi,' kusho uDe Vries.'Amapayipi emagqumeni agcina ethutha igesi emshinini wokuphehla ugesi oguqula igesi ibe ugesi emizini elingana ne-1400.'Maduzane, ukufakwa kokuvutshelwa kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo okungasakhiwa kuzophinde kukhiqize ugesi, kodwa ku-biomass esikhundleni salokho.Amathani ezinhlayiya ezinhle ezisekelwe kwimifino azoncishwa umoya-mpilo ukuze akhe igesi ye-methane leyo amajeneretha ayiguqulayo ibe ugesi.Lokhu kufakwa kuhlukile futhi kuzosiza i-VAR ukuthi ifinyelele isifiso sayo sokuba inkampani engathathi hlangothi ngo-2009.
Izithunywa ezivakashela i-VAR ziza ikakhulukazi ngezinto ezimbili, kusho uGert Klein.'Izivakashi ezivela emazweni anesistimu yokuvuselela kabusha ethuthuke kakhulu zinentshisekelo kumasu ethu esimanje okuhlukanisa.Amanxusa asuka emazweni asathuthuka anentshisekelo enkulu ekuboneni imodeli yethu yebhizinisi - indawo lapho zonke izinhlobo zokubi zingena khona - zisuka eduze.Babe sebenentshisekelo endaweni yokulahla imfucuza enamakhava avalwe kahle ngenhla nangaphansi, kanye nesistimu yomsindo yokukhipha igesi ye-methane.Leso yisisekelo, futhi qhubeka usuka lapho.'
E-Bammens E-Netherlands, manje akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngezindawo ezingenazo iziqukathi zemfucumfucu ezingaphansi komhlaba, ikakhulukazi enkabeni yamadolobha lapho iziqukathi eziningi ezingaphezulu komhlaba sezithathelwe indawo amabhokisi ezinsika amancane lapho izakhamuzi eziqaphela imvelo zingafaka kuwo amaphepha, ingilazi, iziqukathi zepulasitiki kanye neziqukathi zepulasitiki. Amabhodlela e-PET (i-polyethylene terephthalate).
U-Bammens ukhiqize iziqukathi ezingaphansi komhlaba kusukela ngo-1995. 'Kanye nokuthandeka kakhulu, iziqukathi zikadoti ezingaphansi komhlaba nazo zihlanzeke kakhulu ngoba amagundane awakwazi ukungena kuzo,' kusho u-Rens Dekkers, osebenza kwezokukhangisa nezokuxhumana.Uhlelo lusebenza kahle ngoba isiqukathi ngasinye singabamba imfucuza efinyelela ku-5m3, okusho ukuthi ingachithwa kancane.
Isizukulwane esisha sifakwe izinto zikagesi.'Umsebenzisi ube esenikezwa ukufinyelela ohlelweni ngepasi futhi angakhokhiswa intela kuye ngokuthi uwufaka kangaki udoti esitsheni,' kusho uDekkers.U-Bammens uthumela ngaphandle amasistimu angaphansi komhlaba uma eceliwe njengekhithi okulula ukuyihlanganisa cishe kuwo wonke amazwe e-European Union.
I-SitaNoma ubani othenga irekhoda ye-DVD noma i-TV yesikrini esibanzi futhi uthola inani elikhulu le-Styrofoam, elidingekayo ukuze kuvikelwe okokusebenza.I-Styrofoam (i-polystyrene eyandisiwe noma i-EPS), enenani elikhulu lomoya ovalelwe, nayo inezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvikela, yingakho isetshenziselwa ukwakha.E-Netherlands amathani ayi-11,500 (amathani ayi-10,432) e-EPS ayatholakala ukuze asetshenziswe ngokuqhubekayo minyaka yonke.Iphrosesa yemfucuza i-Sita iqoqa i-EPS embonini yezokwakha, kanye nakuma-electronics, izimpahla ezimhlophe nemikhakha yezimpahla ezinsundu.'Siyihlephula ibe yizicucu ezincane bese siyixuba kanye ne-Styrofoam entsha, okwenza igaywe kabusha ngo-100% ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi,' kusho u-Vincent Mooij wakwa-Sita.Okunye okusha ukusetshenziswa kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa i-EPS yesandla sesibili nokuyicubungula ibe yi-'Geo-Blocks'.'Lawo amapuleti anobukhulu obungafika kumamitha amahlanu ngemitha elilodwa asetshenziswa njengesisekelo semigwaqo esikhundleni sesihlabathi,' kusho uMooij.Le nqubo inhle kokubili imvelo kanye nokuhamba.Amapuleti e-Geo-Block asetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe, kodwa i-Netherlands yiyona kuphela izwe lapho i-Styrofoam endala isetshenziswa khona njengempahla eluhlaza.
I-NihotNihot ikhiqiza imishini yokuhlunga imfucuza ekwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya zemfucuza ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokunemba eliphakathi kuka-95% no-98%.Lonke uhlobo lwento, kusukela engilazini nezingcezu zemfucumfucu kuya ezitsheni zobumba, lunogqinsi lwalo futhi amaza omoya alawulwayo asetshenziselwa ukuwahlukanisa abangela ukuba inhlayiya ngayinye igcine inezinye izinhlayiya zohlobo olufanayo.I-Nihot yakha amayunithi amakhulu, anganyakazi, kanye namayunithi amancane, aphathekayo afana ne-SDS 500 entsha sha kanye nezihlukanisi zesigubhu esisodwa esingu-650.Ukuba lula kwalawa mayunithi kuwenza alungele ukusebenza esizeni, njengalapho kubhidlizwa isakhiwo sokuhlala, ngoba udoti ungahlungwa esizeni kunokuba uthuthelwe ukuyocutshungulwa ukufakwa.
Ohulumeni be-Vista-Online, kusukela kuzwelonke kuya endaweni, babeka izimfuneko zesimo sezindawo zomphakathi kuyo yonke into kusukela emanzini alahlwayo namapayipi endle kuya eqhweni emigwaqweni.Inkampani yaseDutch i-Vista-Online inikeza amathuluzi akwenza kube lula futhi kusheshe ukuhlola ukuhambisana nalezi zidingo.Abahloli banikezwa i-smart phone ukubika isimo sesayithi ngesikhathi sangempela.Idatha ithunyelwa kuseva futhi izovela ngokushesha kuwebhusayithi ye-Vista-Online lapho ikhasimende linikezwa khona ikhodi yokufinyelela ekhethekile.Idatha ibe isitholakala ngokushesha futhi ihlelwe ngokucacile, futhi ukuhlanganiswa okudla isikhathi kokutholwe kokuhlola akusadingeki.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola ku-inthanethi kugwema izindleko nesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kumiswe uhlelo lwe-ICT.I-Vista-Online isebenzela iziphathimandla zasekhaya nezikazwelonke e-Netherlands naphesheya, okuhlanganisa i-Manchester Airport Authority e-UK.
I-BollegraafPre-sorting waste izwakala njengombono omuhle, kodwa inani lezokuthutha ezengeziwe lingaba likhulu.Ukwenyuka kwezindleko zikaphethiloli kanye nemigwaqo eminyene kugcizelela ububi balolo hlelo.Ngakho-ke i-Bollegraaf yethula isisombululo e-US, futhi muva nje eYurophu futhi: ukuhlunga kokusakaza okukodwa.Yonke imfucuza eyomile - iphepha, ingilazi, amathini, amapulasitiki kanye nephakethe le-tetra - ingafakwa endaweni yokuhlela yomfudlana owodwa we-Bollegraaf ndawonye.Ngaphezu kuka-95% wemfucuza bese ihlukaniswa ngokuzenzakalelayo kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene.Ukuhlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe obukhona endaweni eyodwa yikhona okwenza iyunithi yokuhlunga yokusakaza okukodwa ikhetheke.Iyunithi inomthamo wamathani angama-40 (amathani angama-36.3) ngehora.Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi i-Bollegraaf iqhamuke kanjani nalo mbono, umqondisi nomnikazi u-Heiman Bollegraaf uthi: 'Sasabela esidingweni esisemakethe.Kusukela lapho, sinikeze amayunithi okuhlunga okusakaza okukodwa angama-50 e-US, futhi muva nje senze i-European debut yethu, e-England.Siphinde sasayina izinkontileka namakhasimende aseFrance nase-Australia.'
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-29-2019