Eminyakeni ezayo, i-PET ne-polyolefin esenziwe kabusha kungenzeka kudingeke ukuthi iqhubeke nokuncintisana namapulasitiki amsulwa angabizi.Kodwa izimakethe ze-scrap zizophinde zithintwe izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezingaqinisekile nezinqumo zabanikazi bomkhiqizo.
Lokho bekuyizinto ezimbalwa ezithathwe kuphaneli yezimakethe zaminyaka yonke eNgqungqutheleni Yokugaywa kabusha kwePlastiki ka-2019 kanye noMbukiso Wohwebo, owawubanjwe ngoMashi e-National Harbor, Md. Phakathi neseshini yomhlangano, u-Joel Morales no-Tison Keel, bobabili befemu edidiyelwe yokubonisana i-IHS Markit, baxoxisana. i-dynamics yemakethe yamapulasitiki amsulwa futhi yachaza ukuthi lezo zici zizocindezela kanjani amanani ezinto ezibonakalayo abuyiselwe.
Lapho exoxa ngezimakethe ze-PET, u-Keel wasebenzisa isithombe sezinto eziningi eziguqukayo ukuze enze isiphepho esihle.
“Bekuyimakethe yomthengisi ngo-2018 ngenxa yezizathu eziningi esingaxoxa ngazo, kodwa sibuyela emakethe yomthengi futhi,” kusho uKeel etshela isixuku.“Kodwa umbuzo engizibuza wona futhi okufanele sizibuze wona ukuthi, ‘Iyiphi indima ezoba neqhaza lokugaywa kabusha kulokho?Uma isimo sezulu sizoba nesivunguvungu, ingabe ukugaywa kabusha kuzosiza ukuthulisa amanzi, noma kuzokwenza amanzi … abe neziyaluyalu kakhulu?’”
U-Morales no-Keel baphinde bavuma izici ezimbalwa okunzima kakhulu ukuzibikezela, okuhlanganisa izinqubomgomo zokusimama zikahulumeni, izinqumo zokuthenga abanikazi bomkhiqizo, ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa kabusha amakhemikhali nokunye.
Izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okuxoxwe ngazo phakathi nokwethulwa kwalo nyaka zinanela lezo ezicutshungulwe esigungwini somcimbi ka-2018.
Ngokuhlukana, ngasekupheleni kwenyanga edlule, i-Plastics Recycling Update yabhala ngesethulo kuphaneli evela kuChris Cui, umqondisi we-China Programs for Closed Loop Partners.Uxoxe ngokuguquguquka kwezimakethe kanye namathuba okusebenzisana kwebhizinisi phakathi kweChina ne-US
I-Polyethylene: UMorales uchaze ukuthi ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe ekukhishweni kukaphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi esikhathini sika-2008 kuholele ekukhiqizeni okuthuthukile kanye nokwehla kwamanani egesi yemvelo.Ngenxa yalokho, izinkampani ze-petrochemicals zatshala izimali ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza i-PE.
“Kube nokutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile ochungechungeni lwe-polyethylene okusekelwe ekulindelweni okushibhile kwe-ethane, okuwuketshezi lwegesi yemvelo,” kusho uMorales, umqondisi omkhulu we-polyolefins eNyakatho Melika.Isu lokutshala izimali kwaba ukuthekelisa i-PE virgin kusuka e-US
Leyo nzuzo yentengo yegesi yemvelo ngaphezu kukawoyela iye yancipha kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa i-IHS Markit isabikezela inzuzo eya phambili, esho.
Ngo-2017 nango-2018, isidingo somhlaba wonke se-PE, ikakhulukazi esivela e-China, sakhula.Kwakuqhutshwa imingcele yaseChina ekuthengisweni kwe-PE okutholiwe, esho, kanye nezinqubomgomo zezwe zokusebenzisa igesi yemvelo eshisa kakhudlwana ukufudumeza (lokhu kwathumela isidingo samapayipi e-HDPE ophahleni).Amazinga okukhula kwesidingo selokhu ehlile, kusho uMorales, kodwa kulindeleke ukuthi aqhubeke eqinile.
Uthinte impi yezohwebo yase-US-China, ebiza amanani entengo yaseChina kupulasitiki oyinhloko waseMelika “njengenhlekelele kubakhiqizi base-US polyethylene.”I-IHS Markit ilinganisela ukuthi kusukela ngomhla ka-Aug. 23, lapho imisebenzi iqala ukusebenza, abakhiqizi balahlekelwe ngamasenti angu-3-5 ngephawundi ngayinye abayikhiqizayo, besika emaphethelweni enzuzo.Le nkampani icabanga ngokubikezela kwayo ukuthi amanani azokwenyuswa ngo-2020.
Ngonyaka odlule, isidingo se-PE sasisikhulu e-US, siqhutshwa intengo ephansi yepulasitiki, ukukhula okuqinile kwe-GDP, imikhankaso Yenziwe eMelika kanye nezintela ezisekela abaguquli basekhaya, imakethe yamapayipi eqinile ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali kawoyela, iSiphepho iHarvey siqhuba isidingo samapayipi. , ukuncintisana kwe-PE okuthuthukisiwe ngokumelene ne-PET ne-PP kanye nomthetho wentela wenhlangano osekela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini, kusho uMorales.
Uma sibheke phambili ekukhiqizeni okuphambili, u-2019 kuzoba unyaka wesidingo esitholakalayo ukuze sihlinzekwe, okusho ukuthi amanani kungenzeka ashaye phansi.Kodwa futhi akulindelekile ukuthi bakhuphuke kakhulu.Ngo-2020, elinye igagasi lomthamo wezitshalo liza ku-inthanethi, licindezela ukunikezwa ngaphezu kwesidingo ebesilindelwe.
"Kusho ukuthini lokhu?"Kubuza uMorales."Ngokombono womthengisi we-resin, kusho ukuthi ikhono lakho lokunyusa intengo kanye nama-margins kungenzeka kube nenselelo.[Ngo] umthengi oyinhloko we-resin, mhlawumbe yisikhathi esihle sokuthenga.”
Izimakethe zepulasitiki ezigaywe kabusha zifana nokunamathela phakathi, esho.Ukhulume nababuyise imikhiqizo yabo okuye kwadingeka ukuthi iqhudelane ne-PE eshibhile kakhulu, engekho-grade wide-spec PE.Uthe ulindele ukuthi izimo zokudayisa zihambisane nalezi eziyikho namhlanje.
“Kube nokutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile ochungechungeni lwe-polyethylene okusekelwe ekulindelweni okushibhile kwe-ethane, okuwuketshezi lwegesi yemvelo,” – uJoel Morales, IHS Markit
Okunzima ukubikezela imiphumela yezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni, njengokuvinjelwa komhlaba wonke kwezikhwama, ama-straws nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa kanye.Ukunyakaza kokusimama kungase kunciphise isidingo se-resin, kodwa kungase futhi kukhuthaze isidingo esithile samakhemikhali anamathuba ahlobene nokugaywa kabusha, esho.
Isibonelo, umthetho wezikhwama waseCalifornia ovimbela izikhwama ezizacile ushukumise amaphrosesa ukuthi andise ukukhiqizwa kweziwugqinsi.Umlayezo otholwe yi-IHS Markit ngabathengi, esikhundleni sokugeza nokusebenzisa kabusha izikhwama eziwugqinsi izikhathi eziningi, bayazisebenzisa njengamalayini kadoti, nokho."Ngakho-ke, kuleso simo, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kuye kwanda isidingo se-polyethylene," esho.
Kwenye indawo, njengase-Argentina, ukuvinjelwa kwezikhwama kuye kwanciphisa ibhizinisi kubakhiqizi be-PE abangayizintombi kodwa kwalikhulisa kubakhiqizi be-PP, abathengisa upulasitiki ngezikhwama ze-PP ezingalukiwe, esho.
I-Polypropylene: I-PP ibe yimakethe eqinile isikhathi eside kodwa isiqala ukulinganisa, kusho uMorales.ENyakatho Melika ngonyaka odlule, abakhiqizi abakwazanga ukwenza umkhiqizo owanele ukwanelisa isidingo, nokho imakethe isakhula ngamaphesenti amathathu.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kwavala igebe lamaphesenti angaba ngu-10 esidingo, esho.
Kodwa ukungalingani kufanele kudambe ngokuhlinzekwa okukhulayo ngo-2019. Okokuqala, akubangakho "iqhwa elingavamile" ngoJanuwari eGulf Coast njengango-2018, waphawula, futhi ukuhlinzekwa kwe-feedstock propylene kunyukile.Futhi, abakhiqizi be-PP bathole izindlela zokususa ibhodlela futhi bakhulise umthamo wokukhiqiza.I-IHS Markit iphrojekthi yokukhiqiza engaba ngu-1 bhiliyoni womkhiqizo ozotholakala ku-inthanethi eNyakatho Melika.Ngenxa yalokho, balindele ukubona ukuncishiswa kwegebe lamanani phakathi kwe-Chinese PP eshibhile ne-PP yasekhaya.
“Ngiyazi ukuthi lokho kuyinkinga kwabanye abantu abasebenzisa kabusha izinto ngoba, manje, i-PP ebanzi kanye ne-surplus prime PP ibonakala ngamanani entengo nasezindaweni [lapho] obungawenza khona ibhizinisi,” kusho uMorales."Leyo cishe kuzoba indawo ozobe ubhekene nayo cishe ngo-2019."
I-Virgin PET kanye namakhemikhali angena kuyo anikezwa ngokweqile njenge-PE, kusho uKeel, umqondisi omkhulu we-PET, PTA kanye ne-EO derivatives.
Ngenxa yalokho, “akukacaci nakancane ukuthi ubani ozoba abawinile nabahluliwe ebhizinisini le-PET eligaywe kabusha,” etshela izethameli.
Emhlabeni jikelele, isidingo se-PET esimsulwa singamaphesenti angama-78 womthamo wokukhiqiza.Ebhizinisini lama-polymers wezimpahla, uma isidingo singaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-85, imakethe cishe inikezwa ngokweqile, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza inzuzo, kusho uKeel.
“Icala elingcono kakhulu ukuthi izindleko zokukhiqiza i-RPET zizoba yisicaba, zingaba phezulu.Kunoma yikuphi, iphakeme kunentengo ye-PET emsulwa.Ngabe abathengi be-RPET, abaveza izinhloso ezinhle zokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha ezitsheni zabo, bazovuma ukukhokha lezi zintengo eziphakeme?"– Tison Keel, IHS Markit
Isidingo sasekhaya siphansi uma kuqhathaniswa.Imakethe yeziphuzo ze-carbonated iyehla kodwa ukukhula kwamanzi asemabhodleleni kwanele ukuqeda lokho, kusho uKeel.
Ukungalingani kwezidingo zokuhlinzeka kulindeleke ukuthi kube kubi kakhulu njengoba umthamo wokukhiqiza owengeziwe uza ku-inthanethi."Esinakho kule minyaka embalwa ezayo kuwukwakhiwa okukhulu ngokweqile," kusho yena.
U-Keel uthe abakhiqizi benza ngendlela engafanele futhi uphakamise ukuthi bavale amandla okukhiqiza ukuze balethe ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo ebhalansini engcono;nokho, akekho omemezele izinhlelo zokwenza lokho.Inkampani yamakhemikhali yase-Italy i-Mossi Ghisolfi (M&G) izamile ukuphuma ezimeni ngokumisa isitshalo esikhulu se-PET ne-PTA eCorpus Christi, eTexas, kodwa amamajini aphansi kanye nezindleko zephrojekthi zenza inkampani ngasekupheleni kuka-2017. Ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe elibizwa ngokuthi iCorpus. I-Christi Polymers ivumile ukuthenga iphrojekthi futhi ilethe ku-inthanethi.
Ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kunyuse amanani entengo aphansi, kuphawula uKeel.I-US ibilokhu ingenisa ngokuqhubekayo i-PET eyinhloko.Abakhiqizi basekhaya bazame ukuvimba umncintiswano wangaphandle ngezikhalazo zokulwa nokulahlwa ezifakwe kuhulumeni wobumbano.Imisebenzi yokulwa nokulahlwa ishintshile umthombo we-PET eyinhloko - yehlisa amanani aqhamuka e-China, isibonelo - kodwa ayikwazanga ukunciphisa isisindo esiphelele esifika emachwebeni aseMelika, esho.
Isithombe sesidingo sokuhlinzekwa sisonke sizosho amanani entengo e-PET aphansi ngokuqhubekayo eminyakeni ezayo, kusho uKeel.Leyo yinselelo ebhekene nababuyiseli be-PET.
Abakhiqizi be-RPET ye-bottle-grade kulindeleke ukuthi babe nezindleko ezingaguquki zokwenza umkhiqizo wabo, esho.
"Icala elihle kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza i-RPET zizoba yisicaba, zingaba phezulu," kusho uKeel.“Kunoma yikuphi, iphezulu kunentengo ye-PET emsulwa.Ingabe abathengi be-RPET, ababeka izinhloso ezinhle zokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha ezitsheni zabo, bazovuma ukukhokha lezi zintengo eziphezulu?Angisho ukuthi ngeke.Ngokomlando, eNyakatho Melika, abazange.E-Europe, manje sebengenxa yezizathu eziningi - ngokwesakhiwo sehluke kakhulu kunabashayeli base-US Kodwa lo ngumbuzo omkhulu osazophendulwa. "
Mayelana nokugaywa kabusha kwebhodlela ukuya ebhodleleni, enye inselele yemikhiqizo yesiphuzo isifiso "esiphansi" esivela embonini ye-fiber ye-RPET, kusho uKeel.Leyo mboni idla ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezintathu kwezine ze-RPET ekhiqizwa unyaka ngamunye.Umshayeli uyizindleko nje: Kushibhe kakhulu ukukhiqiza i-fiber eyisisekelo kusuka ku-PET etholiwe kunezinto ezisabalulekile, esho.
Intuthuko esafufusa okufanele uyibuke imboni eyinhloko ye-PET ehlanganisa ngamandla amandla omshini wokugaywa kabusha.Njengezibonelo, kulo nyaka i-DAK Americas ithenge indawo yokugaywa kabusha kwe-Perpetual Recycling Solutions PET e-Indiana, futhi i-Indorama Ventures ithole isitshalo se-Custom Polymers PET e-Alabama.“Ngingamangala uma singaboni okwengeziwe ngalo msebenzi,” kusho uKeel.
U-Keel uthe abanikazi abasha bazofaka i-flake ehlanzekile ezindaweni zabo ze-melt-phase resin ukuze banikeze abanikazi bomkhiqizo i-pellet yokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha.Lokho kuzothi, ngesikhathi esifushane, kunciphise inani le-RPET ye-bottle-grade emakethe yomthengisi, esho.
Izinkampani ze-Petrochemical nazo zitshala izimali kubuchwepheshe be-depolymerization be-PET scrap.I-Indorama, isibonelo, ibambisene ne-PET chemical recycling startups kokubili eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.Lezo zinqubo zokugaywa kabusha, uma zingenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe nangokwezomnotho, zingase zibe isiphazamisi esikhulu semakethe eminyakeni eyi-8- kuya kweyi-10, wabikezela u-Keel.
Kodwa inkinga eqhubekayo izinga eliphansi lokuqoqwa kwe-PET eNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi e-US, kusho uKeel.Ngo-2017, cishe amaphesenti angama-29.2 amabhodlela e-PET athengiswa e-US aqoqwa ukuze agaywe kabusha, ngokombiko waminyaka yonke we-National Association for PET Container Resources (NAPCOR) kanye ne-Association of Plastic Recyclers (APR).Ukuqhathanisa, izinga lalilinganiselwa kumaphesenti angama-58 ngo-2017.
"Sizohlangabezana kanjani nesidingo esibekwe abanikazi bomkhiqizo ekubeni amanani eqoqo ephansi kakhulu, futhi siwanyusa kanjani?"wabuza.“Anginayo impendulo yalokho.”
Lapho ebuzwa ngemithetho yokufaka imali, uKeel uthe ucabanga ukuthi isebenza kahle ukuvimbela udoti, ukukhulisa ukuqoqwa nokukhiqiza amabhala ekhwalithi ephezulu.Ngaphambilini, abanikazi bemikhiqizo yesiphuzo baye babanxenxa, nokho, ngenxa yokuthi amasenti engeziwe akhokhelwa umthengi kurejista anciphisa ukuthengiswa kukonke.
“Anginaso isiqiniseko okwamanje ukuthi abanikazi bomkhiqizo abakhulu bakuphi ngokombono wenqubomgomo ngemithetho yediphozithi.Ngokomlando bebephikisana nemithetho yokufaka imali,” usho kanje.“Ukuthi bazoqhubeka nokuphikisa lokho noma cha, ngeke ngisho.”
Uhlelo lokuphrinta lwekota lwe-Plastics Recycling Update luletha izindaba ezikhethekile nokuhlaziya okuzosiza ukuphakamisa imisebenzi yokugaywa kabusha kwamapulasitiki.Bhalisa namuhla ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uyayithola ekhaya noma ehhovisi lakho.
Umholi webhizinisi lelinye lamabhodlela amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni usanda kuchaza kabanzi isu lenkampani lokuphinda agaywe kabusha, waphawula ukuthi lisekela umthetho wediphozithi nezinye izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukuphakelwa.
Inkampani yamakhemikhali yomhlaba wonke i-Eastman yethule inqubo yokuphinda igaywe kabusha ehlukanisa ama-polymers abe amagesi ukuze asetshenziswe ekwenzeni amakhemikhali.Manje ibheka abahlinzeki.
Ulayini omusha wokugaya kabusha uzosiza ukukhiqiza i-RPET yokuxhumana nokudla kusuka cishe emthonjeni ongcolile kakhulu oseduze: amabhodlela athathwe ezindaweni zokulahla.
Abasekeli bephrojekthi yokwakhiwa kwepulasitiki kuya kuphethiloli e-Indiana bamemezele ukuthi balungiselela ukuqala kabusha indawo yokuthengisa eyizigidi ezingama- $ 260.
Intengo ye-HDPE yemvelo iqhubekile nokwehla futhi manje isihlezi ngaphansi kakhulu kwesikhundla sayo ngonyaka odlule, kodwa amanani e-PET atholiwe ahlala engashintshi.
Inkampani yezingubo zomhlaba wonke i-H&M yasebenzisa okulingana namabhodlela e-PET ayizigidi ezingama-325 ku-polyester yayo egaywe kabusha ngonyaka odlule, inani eliphakeme kakhulu kunangonyaka odlule.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-23-2019