Ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa okungaguquki, okunembile kubalulekile embonini yepulasitiki ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqedwa okufanele kwemikhiqizo ye-thermoformed.Kuzo zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-thermoforming ezimile kanye ne-rotary, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokubumba likhiqiza izingcindezi engxenyeni ebunjiwe, kuyilapho amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu angabangela izinkinga ezifana nokubhamuza nokulahlekelwa umbala noma isicwebezelisi.
Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngokuthi intuthuko ekukalweni kwezinga lokushisa kwe-infrared (IR) akusizi nje kuphela ukusebenza kwe-thermoforming ukwenza ngcono izinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza kanye nemiphumela yebhizinisi, kodwa futhi kunika amandla ukuthobelana namazinga omkhakha wekhwalithi nokuthembeka komkhiqizo wokugcina.
I-Thermoforming inqubo lapho ishidi le-thermoplastic lenziwa lithambe futhi likwazi ukuphenduleka ngokushisisa, futhi libe yi-bi-axially deformable ngokuphoqelelwa ukuba libe yisimo se-three-dimensional.Le nqubo ingase yenzeke lapho isikhunta sikhona noma singekho.Ukushisisa ishidi le-thermoplastic kungenye yezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-thermoforming.Imishini yokwakha ivamise ukusebenzisa izifudumezi zohlobo lwesemishi, ezihlanganisa amaphaneli wezifudumezi ze-infrared ngaphezulu nangaphansi kweshidi.
Izinga lokushisa eliwumgogodla leshidi le-thermoplastic, ukujiya kwalo kanye nezinga lokushisa lendawo yokukhiqiza konke kuthinta indlela amaketanga e-polymer epulasitiki ageleza ngayo esimweni esibumbekayo futhi aguquke abe isakhiwo se-semi-crystalline polymer.Isakhiwo samangqamuzana esiqandisiwe sinquma izici ezibonakalayo zezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nokusebenza komkhiqizo wokugcina.
Ngokufanelekile, ishidi le-thermoplastic kufanele lishise ngokulinganayo kumazinga okushisa alo okwakheka okufanele.Ishidi libe selidlulisela esiteshini sokubumba, lapho umshini wokusebenza ulicindezela ngokumelene nesikhunta ukuze lenze ingxenye, lisebenzisa i-vacuum noma umoya onomfutho, ngezinye izikhathi ngosizo lwepulaki eyimishini.Ekugcineni, ingxenye iphuma esikhunjeni sesigaba sokupholisa senqubo.
Iningi lokukhiqizwa kwe-thermoforming kwenziwa ngemishini efakwa ngama-roll, kanti imishini efakwe ngamashidi ingeyezicelo zevolumu emincane.Ngokusebenza kwevolumu enkulu kakhulu, isistimu ye-thermoforming ehlanganiswe ngokugcwele, emgqeni, evaliwe-loop ingathethelelwa.Ulayini uthola ipulasitiki eluhlaza kanye nama-extruder adla ngqo emshinini we-thermoforming.
Izinhlobo ezithile zamathuluzi e-thermoforming zinika amandla ukunqampuna kwe-athikili ebunjiwe ngaphakathi komshini we-thermoforming.Ukunemba okukhulu kokusikwa kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa le ndlela ngoba umkhiqizo kanye nezihlakala zamathambo akudingi ukubekwa kabusha.Okunye yilapho ishidi elakhiwe likhomba khona ngqo esiteshini sokunqampuna.
Ivolumu yokukhiqiza ephezulu ngokuvamile idinga ukuhlanganiswa kwesitaki sezingxenye nomshini we-thermoforming.Uma sezistakiwe, ama-athikili aqediwe apakishwa emabhokisini ukuze athuthelwe ekhasimendeni lokugcina.I-skeletal scrap ehlukanisiwe iboshelwe ku-mandrill ukuze inqunywe ngokulandelayo noma idlule emshinini wokunquma ehambisana nomshini we-thermoforming.
I-thermoforming yeshidi elikhulu iwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi ongase ube nokuphazamiseka, okungakhuphula kakhulu inani lezingxenye ezinqatshiwe.Izidingo eziqinile zanamuhla zengxenye yezinga eliphezulu, ukunemba kogqinsi, isikhathi somjikelezo kanye nesivuno, okuhlanganiswe nefasitela elincane lokucubungula lama-polymer abaklami abasha namashidi ezendlalelo eziningi, kwenze abakhiqizi babheka izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukulawula le nqubo.
Ngesikhathi se-thermoforming, ukushisa kweshidi kwenzeka ngemisebe, i-convection, kanye ne-conduction.Lezi zindlela zethula ukungaqiniseki okukhulu, kanye nokuhlukahluka kwesikhathi kanye nokungaqondile ku-dynamics yokudlulisa ukushisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushisisa amashidi kuyinqubo esabalaliswa ngendawo echazwe kangcono ngezibalo ezihlukene eziyingxenye.
I-Thermoforming idinga imephu enembile, enezindawo eziningi lokushisa ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi.Le nkinga ihlanganiswa yiqiniso lokuthi izinga lokushisa livamise ukulawulwa ezintweni zokushisisa, kuyilapho ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kulo lonke ugqinsi lweshidi kuyinqubo eguquguqukayo eyinhloko.
Isibonelo, i-amorphous material efana ne-polystyrene ngokuvamile izogcina ubuqotho bayo lapho ishiselwa kuzinga lokushisa elikhulayo ngenxa yamandla aphezulu okuncibilika.Ngenxa yalokho, kulula ukuyiphatha kanye nokwenza.Uma i-crystalline material ishiselwa, ishintsha kakhulu isuka kokuqinile iye oketshezini uma izinga layo lokushisa elincibilikayo selifinyelelwe, okwenza iwindi lezinga lokushisa libe lincane kakhulu.
Izinguquko kumazinga okushisa e-ambient nazo zibangela izinkinga ku-thermoforming.Indlela yokuhlola nephutha yokuthola isivinini sokuphakelwa kwe-roll ukuze kukhiqizwe ukubumba okwamukelekayo kungase kubonakale kungenele uma izinga lokushisa lasefekthri lingashintsha (okungukuthi, phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo).Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa elingu-10°C kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizweni ngenxa yobubanzi obuncane bezinga lokushisa.
Ngokwesiko, ama-thermoformers athembele kumasu akhethekile okwenziwa ngesandla okulawula izinga lokushisa leshidi.Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ngokuvamile ikhiqiza ngaphansi kwemiphumela efiselekayo mayelana nokuvumelana komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi.Ama-opharetha anesenzo esinzima sokulinganisa, esibandakanya ukunciphisa umehluko phakathi kwengqikithi yeshidi namazinga okushisa angaphezulu, kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa ukuthi zombili izindawo zihlala ngaphakathi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi wempahla kanye naphezulu okwakheka.
Ukwengeza, ukuthintana ngokuqondile neshidi lepulasitiki akwenzeki ku-thermoforming ngoba kungabangela amabala endaweni yepulasitiki kanye nezikhathi zokuphendula ezingamukeleki.
Ngokukhula, imboni yepulasitiki ithola izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe be-infrared obungathintani nokulinganisa izinga lokushisa nokulawula inqubo.Izixazululo zokuzwa ezisekelwe ku-infrared ziwusizo ekukaleni izinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwezimo lapho ama-thermocouples noma ezinye izinzwa zohlobo lwe-probe zingakwazi ukusetshenziswa, noma zingakhiqizi idatha enembile.
Amathemometha angathinteki e-IR angasetshenziswa ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lezinqubo ezihamba ngokushesha ngokushesha nangempumelelo, kukalwe izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo ngokuqondile esikhundleni sikahhavini noma isomisi.Abasebenzisi bangabese belungisa kalula amapharamitha enqubo ukuze baqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ephelele.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-thermoforming, isistimu yokuqapha izinga lokushisa le-infrared ezenzakalelayo ngokuvamile ihlanganisa isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi nesibonisi sokulinganisa inqubo kusukela kuhhavini ye-thermoforming.Ithemometha ye-IR ikala izinga lokushisa lamashidi epulasitiki ashisayo, anyakazayo ngokunemba okungu-1%.Imitha yephaneli yedijithali enokudluliselwa kwemishini eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ibonisa idatha yezinga lokushisa futhi ikhipha amasignali e-alamu lapho izinga lokushisa lephoyinti elimisiwe lifinyelelwa.
Ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe yesistimu ye-infrared, ama-thermoformers angasetha amazinga okushisa nokuphumayo, kanye namaphoyinti e-alamu, bese eqapha ukufundwa kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sangempela.Uma inqubo ifinyelela izinga lokushisa lephoyinti elimisiwe, i-relay iyavala futhi icuphe ukukhanya kwenkomba noma i-alamu ezwakalayo ukuze ulawule umjikelezo.Idatha yezinga lokushisa lokucubungula ingafakwa kungobo yomlando noma ithekeliswe kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze zihlaziywe futhi zicutshungulwe imibhalo.
Ngenxa yedatha evela ezilinganisweni ze-IR, opharetha bomugqa wokukhiqiza bangakwazi ukunquma ukulungiselelwa kwe-ovini okufanelekile ukuze kugcwale ishidi ngokuphelele esikhathini esifushane ngaphandle kokushisisa ngokweqile ingxenye ephakathi.Umphumela wokwengeza idatha enembile yezinga lokushisa kokuhlangenwe nakho okungokoqobo kwenza ukubumba kwe-drape kube nokwenqatshwa okumbalwa kakhulu.Futhi, amaphrojekthi anzima kakhulu anezinto eziwugqinsi noma ezacile anogqinsi olufana kakhulu lokugcina lapho ipulasitiki ishiselwa ngokufanayo.
Amasistimu we-thermoforming anobuchwepheshe bezinzwa ze-IR angakwazi futhi ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokususa ukubumba kwe-thermoplastic.Kulezi zinqubo, opharetha ngezinye izikhathi bahambisa amahhavini abo kushisa kakhulu, noma bashiye izingxenye esikhunjini isikhathi eside kakhulu.Ngokusebenzisa isistimu enenzwa ye-infrared, bangagcina amazinga okushisa okupholisa angaguquki kuyo yonke isikhunta, bakhulise ukukhiqizwa kokukhiqiza futhi bavumele izingxenye ukuthi zisuswe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu ngenxa yokunamathela noma ukuwohloka.
Noma isilinganiso sokushisa kwe-infrared esingathinteki sinikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezifakazelwe kubakhiqizi bamapulasitiki, abahlinzeki bezinsimbi bayaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izixazululo ezintsha, bathuthukisa futhi ukunemba, ukwethembeka kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kwezinhlelo ze-IR ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezifunayo.
Ukuze kubhekwane nezinkinga zokubona ngama-thermometer e-IR, izinkampani zamathuluzi zithuthukise izinkundla zezinzwa ezihlinzeka ngokubona okuhloswe nge-lens okudidiyelwe, kanye nokubona nge-laser noma kwevidiyo.Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe iqinisekisa inhloso efanele kanye nendawo eqondiwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu.
Ama-thermometer angase futhi ahlanganise ukuqapha kwevidiyo ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuqoshwa okuzenzakalelayo kwesithombe nokugcinwa - ngaleyo ndlela ilethe ulwazi lwenqubo olusha olubalulekile.Abasebenzisi bangathatha ngokushesha futhi kalula izifinyezo zenqubo futhi bafake izinga lokushisa kanye nolwazi lwesikhathi/nosuku emibhalweni yabo.
Amathemometha anamuhla ahlangene e-IR anikezela ngokuphindwe kabili ukulungiswa kokubona kwamamodeli wangaphambilini, amakhulu wezinzwa, andisa ukusebenza kwawo ekufuneni izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula inqubo futhi avumele ukushintshwa okuqondile kwamaprobe othintana naye.
Eminye imiklamo emisha yezinzwa ze-IR isebenzisa ikhanda elincane lenzwa kanye nezinto zikagesi ezihlukene.Izinzwa zingakwazi ukufinyelela ku-22:1 optical resolution futhi zimelane nezinga lokushisa elifinyelela ku-200°C ngaphandle kokupholisa.Lokhu kuvumela ukulinganiswa okunembile kosayizi bamabala abancane kakhulu ezindaweni ezivalekile nezimo ze-ambient ezinzima.Izinzwa zincane ngokwanele ukuthi zingafakwa cishe noma yikuphi, futhi zingahlaliswa endaweni ebiyelwe ngensimbi engagqwali ukuze zivikeleke ezinqubweni ezinzima zezimboni.Ukusungulwa kwe-IR sensor electronics kuphinde kwathuthukisa amandla okucubungula isignali, okuhlanganisa ukuthuthwa kwamanzi, isampula nokubamba, ukubamba okuphezulu, ukubamba isigodi nemisebenzi emaphakathi.Ngamanye amasistimu, lokhu okuguquguqukayo kungalungiswa kusuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esikude ukuze kube lula.
Abasebenzisi bokugcina manje sebengakhetha amathemometha e-IR anethagethi eguquguqukayo enemoto, elawulwa kude.Leli khono livumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo nokunembile kokugxilwa kokuhlosiwe kokulinganisa, ngokwenza ngemuva kwethuluzi noma ukude ngoxhumo lwe-PC ye-RS-232/RS-485.
Izinzwa ze-IR ezinethagethi elawulwa kude elawulwa kude zingahlelwa ngokuya ngesidingo sohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye, kuncishiswe ithuba lokufakwa okungalungile.Onjiniyela bangakwazi ukulungisa kahle ukugxila kokulinganisa kwenzwa kusukela ekuphepheni kwehhovisi labo, futhi ngokuqhubekayo babheke futhi barekhode ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa enqubweni yabo ukuze bathathe isinyathelo sokulungisa ngokushesha.
Abahlinzeki bathuthukisa futhi ukuguquguquka kokulinganiswa kwezinga lokushisa le-infrared ngokuhlinzeka amasistimu ngesofthiwe yokulinganisa indawo, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balinganise izinzwa esizeni.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ezintsha ze-IR zinikeza izindlela ezihlukene zokuxhuma ngokomzimba, okuhlanganisa izixhumi zokunqamula ngokushesha kanye noxhumo lwetheminali;amaza ahlukene okulinganisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu neliphansi;kanye nokukhethwa kwezimpawu ze-milliamp, i-millivolt kanye ne-thermocouple.
Abaklami bezinsimbi baphendule ezinkingeni zokukhishwa komoya okuhlobene nezinzwa ze-IR ngokwakha amayunithi we-wavelength amafushane anciphisa amaphutha ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kokukhipha umoya.Lawa madivayisi awazweli kakhulu ezinguqukweni zokukhipha umoya ezintweni eziqondiwe njengezinzwa ezivamile, zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.Kanjalo, banikeza ukufundwa okunembe kakhudlwana kukho konke okuqondiwe okuhlukahlukene kumazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene.
Amasistimu okulinganisa izinga lokushisa e-IR anemodi yokulungiswa kokukhipha umoya okuzenzakalelayo avumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bahlele amaresiphi achazwe ngaphambilini ukuze amukele izinguquko ezivamile zomkhiqizo.Ngokuhlonza ngokushesha ukushayisana kwe-thermal ngaphakathi kwethagethi yokulinganisa, kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi athuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokufana, anciphise ucezu, futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle.Uma kwenzeka iphutha noma iphutha, isistimu ingacupha i-alamu ukuze ivumele isenzo sokulungisa.
Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe benzwa ye-infrared bungasiza futhi ukwenza lula izinqubo zokukhiqiza.Ama-opharetha angakhetha ingxenye yenombolo ohlwini lwamaphoyinti okushisa akhona futhi aqophe ngokuzenzakalelayo inani ngalinye eliphakeme lokushisa.Lesi sixazululo siqeda ukuhlunga futhi sandise izikhathi zomjikelezo.Iphinde ithuthukise ukulawula izindawo zokushisisa futhi ikhulise ukukhiqiza.
Ukuze ama-thermoformer ahlaziye ngokugcwele imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali kwesistimu yokukala izinga lokushisa le-infrared ezenzakalelayo, kufanele abheke izici ezithile ezibalulekile.Ukunciphisa izindleko eziyisisekelo kusho ukucabangela isikhathi, amandla, kanye nenani lokunciphisa okulahliwe okungenzeka kwenzeke, kanye nekhono lokuqoqa nokubika ulwazi eshidini ngalinye elidlula inqubo ye-thermoforming.Izinzuzo eziphelele zesistimu yokuzwa ye-IR ezenzakalelayo ihlanganisa:
• Ikhono lokufaka kungobo yomlando nokuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngesithombe esishisayo sazo zonke izingxenye ezikhiqizwe imibhalo yekhwalithi nokuhambisana ne-ISO.
Ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa le-infrared okungaxhunywanwanga naye akusona ubuchwepheshe obusha, kodwa izinto ezintsha zakamuva zehlise izindleko, zanda ukuthembeka, futhi zanika amandla amayunithi okulinganisa amancane.Ama-Thermoformer asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-IR azuza ekuthuthukisweni kokukhiqiza kanye nokwehliswa kwe-scrap.Izinga lezingxenye nalo liyathuthuka ngoba abakhiqizi bathola ubukhulu obufanayo obuphuma emishinini yabo ye-thermoforming.
For more information contact R&C Instrumentation, +27 11 608 1551, info@randci.co.za, www.randci.co.za
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-19-2019