Izinto zikagesi ezigqokekayo zendwangu zifiseleka kakhulu ekufezeni ukuphathwa kwezempilo komuntu siqu.Kodwa-ke, iningi lama-electronics endwangu abikiwe angaqondisa isignali eyodwa yomzimba noma aphuthe imininingwane ecacile yamasignali, okuholela ekuhlolweni kwezempilo okuyingxenye.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindwangu ezinempahla esezingeni eliphezulu nokunethezeka kuseyinselele.Lapha, sibika inzwa ye-triboelectric all-textile sensor enokuzwela kwengcindezi ephezulu nokunethezeka.Ibonisa ukuzwela kwengcindezi (7.84 mV Pa−1), isikhathi sokuphendula esisheshayo (20 ms), ukuzinza (>100,000 imijikelezo), i-bandwidth ebanzi yokusebenza (kufika ku-20 Hz), kanye nokuwasha komshini (>40 ukuwasha).Ama-TATSA akhiwe athungelwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zezingubo ukuze kuqashwe amaza okushaya kwemithambo kanye nezimpawu zokuphefumula ngesikhathi esisodwa.Siphinde sakha uhlelo lokuqapha impilo lokuhlola isikhathi eside nokungaphazamisi isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nesifo sokuphelelwa umoya, okubonisa inqubekelaphambili enkulu ekuhlaziyeni inani lezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona.
Ama-elekthronikhi agqokekayo amele ithuba elijabulisayo ngenxa yezicelo zawo ezithembisayo emithini yomuntu siqu.Bangakwazi ukuqapha isimo sempilo yomuntu ngendlela eqhubekayo, ngesikhathi sangempela, nangendlela engahlaseli (1–11).I-Pulse nokuphefumula, njengezingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile zezimpawu ezibalulekile, kunganikeza kokubili ukuhlolwa okunembile kwesimo sokuphila kanye nokuqonda okuphawulekayo ekuxilongweni nasekuqaguleni kwezifo ezihlobene (12-21).Kuze kube manje, ama-elekthronikhi amaningi agqokekayo ukuze athole amasiginali acashile asekelwe ku-ultrathin substrates njenge-polyethylene terephthalate, i-polydimethylsiloxane, i-polyimide, ingilazi, ne-silicone (22–26).I-drawback yalawa ma-substrates ukuze asetshenziswe esikhumbeni ilele kufomethi yawo eqondile futhi eqinile.Ngenxa yalokhu, amateyipu, ama-Band-Aids, noma ezinye izinto zokulungisa imishini ziyadingeka ukuze kusungulwe ukuxhumana okuhlangene phakathi kwezinto zikagesi ezigqokekayo nesikhumba somuntu, okungabangela ukucasuka kanye nokuphazamiseka ngesikhathi eside sokusetshenziswa (27, 28).Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa ma-substrates awakwazi ukungena kahle komoya, okubangela ukungakhululeki lapho esetshenziselwa ukuqapha impilo yesikhathi eside, okuqhubekayo.Ukunciphisa izinkinga ezishiwo ngenhla ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke, izindwangu ezihlakaniphile zinikeza isisombululo esithembekile.Lezi zindwangu zinezici zokuthambile, isisindo esincane, nokuphefumula futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, amandla okubona ukunethezeka kuma-electronics agqokekayo.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwanikelwa imizamo ejulile yokuthuthukisa amasistimu asekelwe ezindwangu kuzinzwa ezibucayi, ukuvunwa kwamandla, nokugcinwa (29-39).Ikakhulukazi, ucwaningo oluyimpumelelo lubikwe nge-fiber optical, i-piezoelectricity, kanye nezindwangu ezihlakaniphile ezisekelwe ku-resistivity ezisetshenziswa ekuqapheni ukushaya kwenhliziyo nezimpawu zokuphefumula (40-43).Kodwa-ke, lezi ndwangu ezihlakaniphile ngokuvamile zinokuzwela okuphansi kanye nepharamitha eyodwa yokuqapha futhi azikwazi ukukhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu (ithebula S1).Esimeni sokulinganisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kunzima ukuthwebula ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuncane nokusheshayo kokushaya kwenhliziyo (isb., izici zayo), futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuzwela okuphezulu nokusebenza okufanelekile kokuphendula imvamisa kuyadingeka.
Kulolu cwaningo, sethula i-triboelectric all-textile sensor array (TATSA) enokuzwela okuphezulu kokuthwebula i-epidermal subtle pressure, elukwe ngemicu ye-conductive kanye nenayiloni kumthungo we-cardigan ogcwele.I-TATSA inganikeza ukuzwela kwengcindezi ephezulu (7.84 mV Pa−1), isikhathi sokuphendula esisheshayo (20 ms), ukuzinza (>imijikelezo engu-100,000), umkhawulokudonsa obanzi wokusebenza (kufika ku-20 Hz), kanye nokuwasha komshini (>40 ukuwasha).Iyakwazi ukuzihlanganisa ngokufanelekile ezingutsheni ngokubona, ukunethezeka, nokukhanga kobuhle.Ngokuphawulekayo, i-TATSA yethu ingafakwa ngokuqondile kumasayithi ahlukene endwangu ahambisana namagagasi okushaya kwenhliziyo entanyeni, esihlakaleni, phezulu komunwe, nasezimeni zamaqakala kanye namagagasi okuphefumula esiswini nasesifubeni.Ukuze sihlole ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-TATSA ekuqaphelweni kwezempilo kwesikhathi sangempela nokude, sithuthukisa uhlelo lokuqapha ezempilo oluhlakaniphile lomuntu siqu ukuze siqhubeke sithola futhi silondoloze izimpawu zomzimba zokuhlaziywa kwesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (CAD) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-apnea syndrome (SAS) ).
Njengoba kubonisiwe ku-Fig. 1A, ama-TATSA amabili athungelwa ku-cuff nasesifubeni sehembe ukuze kunikwe amandla ukuqapha okuguquguqukayo nangesikhathi esisodwa kwamasiginali wokuphefumula kanye nokuphefumula, ngokulandelana.Lezi zimpawu zomzimba zidluliselwe ngokungenantambo kuhlelo lokusebenza lwetheminali yeselula ehlakaniphile (i-APP) ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlaziywa kwesimo sezempilo.Umfanekiso 1B ubonisa i-TATSA ithungelwe ocezwini lwendwangu, futhi okufakwe phakathi kukhombisa ukubuka okukhulisiwe kwe-TATSA, eyalukwa kusetshenziswa intambo yokugudluza eyisici kanye nentambo yenayiloni yokuhweba ndawonye kumthungo we-cardigan ogcwele.Uma kuqhathaniswa nomthungo osobala oyisisekelo, indlela yokuluka evame kakhulu neyisisekelo, umthungo we-cardigan ogcwele wakhethwa ngenxa yokuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhanda eliyiluphu lentambo ye-conductive kanye nekhanda eliseduze le-tuck stitch lentambo yenayiloni (fig. S1) ingaphezulu esikhundleni sokuxhumana kwephuzu, okuholela endaweni enkulu yokubambela yomphumela ophezulu we-triboelectric.Ukuze silungise intambo yokuqondisa, sakhetha insimbi engagqwali njengefiber eyisisekelo engaguquki, futhi izingcezu ezimbalwa zezintambo zeTerylene ezine-ply eyodwa zaphothwa entanjeni ewumgogodla zibe yintambo eyodwa yokuqondisa enobubanzi obungu-0.2 mm (fig. S2), eyayisebenza njenge kokubili indawo kagesi kanye ne-electrode eqhubayo.Intambo yenayiloni, enobubanzi obungu-0.15 mm futhi esebenza njengendawo yokufakwa kukagesi, yayinamandla aqinile ngenxa yokuthi yayisontwe yizintambo ezingenakulinganiswa (fig. S3).Umfanekiso 1 (C kanye no-D, ngokulandelana) ubonisa izithombe zentambo ekhonjisiwe ehlanganisiwe nentambo enayiloni.Amasetha abonisa izithombe zawo ze-electron microscopy (SEM) zokuskena ngokulandelana kwazo, ezethula ingxenye evamile yesiphambano sentambo yokuqhuba kanye nengaphezulu lentambo yenayiloni.Amandla aphezulu aqinile wezintambo ze-conductive kanye nenayiloni aqinisekise ikhono lawo lokuluka emshinini wezimboni ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza okufanayo kwazo zonke izinzwa.Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 1E, izintambo eziguquguqukayo, izintambo zenayiloni, nemicu evamile yayiboshelwa ezigayweni zazo, ezazibe sezilayishwa emshinini wokuluka oyisicaba osebenza ngekhompyutha wokweluka okuzenzakalelayo (ifilimu S1).Njengoba kuboniswe emkhiwaneni.I-S4, ama-TATSA amaningana ahlanganiswa ngendwangu evamile kusetshenziswa umshini wezimboni.I-TATSA eyodwa enogqinsi olungu-0.85 mm nesisindo esingu-0.28 g ingalungiswa kusukela kuso sonke isakhiwo ukuze isetshenziswe ngabanye, ibonise ukuhambisana kwayo okuhle kakhulu nezinye izindwangu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-TATSA angaklanywa ngemibala eyahlukene ukuze ahlangabezane nezimfuneko zobuhle nezemfashini ngenxa yokwehlukahlukana kwezintambo zenayiloni ezithengiswayo (Fig. 1F kanye nefig. S5).Ama-TATSA akhiwe anokuthamba okuhle kakhulu namandla okumelana nokugoba okuqinile noma ukuwohloka (fig. S6).Umfanekiso 1G ubonisa i-TATSA ithungelwe ngqo esiswini kanye nekhafu yejezi.Inqubo yokuluka i-sweater iboniswa emkhiwaneni.I-S7 ne-movie i-S2.Imininingwane yohlangothi lwangaphambili nangemuva lwe-TATSA enwetshiwe endaweni yesisu ikhonjisiwe emkhiwaneni.I-S8 (A kanye no-B, ngokulandelana), kanye nokuma kwentambo ye-conductive kanye nentambo yenayiloni kuboniswe emkhiwaneni.I-S8C.Kuyabonakala lapha ukuthi i-TATSA ingashumeka ezindwangu ezijwayelekile ngaphandle komthungo ukuze kubonakale ukubukeka okuhlakaniphile nokukhaliphile.
(A) Ama-TATSA amabili ahlanganiswe ehembeni ukuze kuqashwe ukushaya kwenhliziyo nezimpawu zokuphefumula ngesikhathi sangempela.(B) Umfanekiso wohlelo wenhlanganisela ye-TATSA nezingubo.Isingeniso sibonisa ukubuka okukhulisiwe kwenzwa.(C) Isithombe sentambo ye-conductive (ibha yesikali, 4 cm).I-inset yisithombe se-SEM sesigaba esiphambanayo sentambo ye-conductive (i-scale bar, 100 μm), equkethe insimbi engagqwali kanye nezintambo ze-Terylene.(D) Isithombe sentambo yenayiloni (ibha yesikali, 4 cm).Isethaphu yisithombe se-SEM sendawo yentambo yenayiloni (ibha yesikali, 100 μm).(E) Isithombe somshini wokuluka oyisicaba owenziwe ngekhompyutha owenza ukuluka okuzenzakalelayo kwama-TATSA.(F) Isithombe sama-TATSA ngemibala ehlukene (ibha yesikali, 2 cm).Isingeniso yi-TATSA esontekile, ebonisa ukuthamba kwayo okuhle kakhulu.(G) Isithombe sama-TATSA amabili ahlanganiswe ngokuphelele futhi ngaphandle komthungo ejezini.Ikhredithi yesithombe: Wenjing Fan, Chongqing University.
Ukuze sihlaziye indlela yokusebenza ye-TATSA, okuhlanganisa izici zayo zokukhanda nezikagesi, sakhe imodeli yokuluka yejiyomethri ye-TATSA, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 2A.Ngokusebenzisa i-cardigan stitch egcwele, izintambo ze-conductive nezenayiloni zixhumene ngendlela yamayunithi we-loop esifundweni kanye nesiqondiso se-wale.Isakhiwo seluphu eyodwa (fig. S1) siqukethe ikhanda eliyiluphu, ingalo eyiluphu, ingxenye ewela izimbambo, ingalo yomthungo we-tuck, kanye nekhanda lokuthunga.Izinhlobo ezimbili zendawo yokuthintana phakathi kwezintambo ezimbili ezihlukene zingatholakala: (i) indawo yokuthintana phakathi kwekhanda eliyiluphu lentambo eqhutshwayo kanye nekhanda lokuthunga lentambo yenayiloni kanye (ii) nendawo yokuthintana phakathi kwekhanda eliyiluphu intambo yenayiloni kanye nekhanda lokuthunga le-tuck lentambo yokuqondisa.
(A) I-TATSA enezinhlangothi zangaphambili, kwesokudla, nezingaphezulu zamaluphu ahlanganisiwe.(B) Umphumela wokulingisa wokusatshalaliswa kwamandla kwe-TATSA ngaphansi kwengcindezi esetshenziswayo engu-2 kPa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-COMSOL.(C) Imifanekiso eyisikimu yokudluliswa kwenkokhiso yeyunithi yokuxhumana ngaphansi kwezimo zesifunda esifushane.(D) Imiphumela yokulingisa yokusatshalaliswa kwezindleko zeyunithi yokuxhumana ngaphansi kwesimo sesekhethi evulekile kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-COMSOL.
Umgomo wokusebenza we-TATSA ungachazwa ezicini ezimbili: ukugqugquzelwa kwamandla angaphandle kanye nokushaja okudaliwe.Ukuze siqonde ngokunembile ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi ekuphenduleni amandla angaphandle ashukumisayo, sisebenzise ukuhlaziya izinto ezinomkhawulo sisebenzisa isofthiwe ye-COMSOL ngamandla angaphandle ahlukene we-2 kanye ne-0.2 kPa, njengoba kuboniswe ngokulandelana ku-Fig. 2B kanye ne-fig.S9.Ingcindezi ibonakala ezindaweni zokuthintana zezintambo ezimbili.Njengoba kuboniswe emkhiwaneni.S10, sicabangele amayunithi amabili we-loop ukuze sicacise ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi.Ekuqhathaniseni ukusabalalisa kokucindezeleka ngaphansi kwamandla amabili angaphandle ahlukene, ingcindezi ebusweni bezintambo ze-conductive kanye nenayiloni iyanda ngamandla angaphandle akhulayo, okuholela ekuxhumaneni nokukhishwa phakathi kwezintambo ezimbili.Lapho amandla angaphandle esekhululiwe, le micu emibili iyahlukana futhi isuke komunye nomunye.
Ukunyakaza kokwehlukanisa othintana naye phakathi kwentambo ye-conductive kanye nentambo yenayiloni kudala ukudluliswa kwenkokhelo, okubalelwa ekuhlanganeni kwe-triboelectrification kanye nokungeniswa kwe-electrostatic.Ukucacisa inqubo yokukhiqiza ugesi, sihlaziya ingxenye ephambanayo yendawo lapho izintambo ezimbili zithintana khona (Fig. 2C1).Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 2 (C2 kanye ne-C3, ngokulandelana), lapho i-TATSA ikhuthazwa amandla angaphandle kanye nezintambo ezimbili zithintana, ukufakwa kukagesi kwenzeka ebusweni bezintambo ze-conductive kanye nenayiloni, kanye nezindleko ezilinganayo eziphikisanayo. i-polarities ikhiqizwa ebusweni bezintambo ezimbili.Uma imicu emibili ihlukene, amashaji avumayo ayangeniswa kunsimbi engagqwali engaphakathi ngenxa yomphumela wokungeniswa kwe-electrostatic.I-schematic ephelele iboniswa ku-fig.I-S11.Ukuze sithole ukuqonda okuningana kwenqubo yokukhiqiza ugesi, silingise ukusatshalaliswa okungenzeka kwe-TATSA sisebenzisa isofthiwe ye-COMSOL (Fig. 2D).Lapho izinto ezimbili zithintana, ukushaja ngokuyinhloko kuqoqa ezintweni zokungqubuzana, futhi inani elincane kuphela lokushaja okwenziwe likhona ku-electrode, okuholela ekutheni kube namandla amancane (Fig. 2D, phansi).Lapho izinto ezimbili zihlukaniswa (Fig. 2D, top), inkokhiso eyenzelwe i-electrode iyanda ngenxa yomehluko ongaba khona, kanye nokwanda okungenzeka okuhambisanayo, okuveza ukuhambisana okuhle phakathi kwemiphumela etholwe ekuhlolweni naleyo evela ekufanisweni. .Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-electrode eqhubayo ye-TATSA isongwe ngezintambo ze-Terylene futhi isikhumba sixhumene nazo zombili izinto zokungqubuzana, ngakho-ke, lapho i-TATSA igqokwa ngqo esikhumbeni, ukukhokhiswa kuncike emandleni angaphandle futhi ngeke. ube buthaka ngesikhumba.
Ukuze sibonise ukusebenza kwe-TATSA yethu ezicini ezihlukahlukene, sinikeze isistimu yokulinganisa equkethe ijeneretha yokusebenza, isikhulisi samandla, i-electrodynamic shaker, i-force gauge, i-electrometer, nekhompyutha (fig. S12).Lolu hlelo lukhiqiza ingcindezi yangaphandle eguqukayo efika ku-7 kPa.Ekuhlolweni, i-TATSA yafakwa ephepheni lepulasitiki eliyisicaba endaweni yamahhala, futhi amasignali kagesi aphumayo aqoshwa i-electrometer.
Ukucaciswa kwezintambo ze-conductive kanye nenayiloni kuthinta ukusebenza kokukhiphayo kwe-TATSA ngoba kunquma indawo yokuxhumana namandla okubona ingcindezi yangaphandle.Ukuphenya lokhu, sakha osayizi abathathu bezintambo ezimbili, ngokulandelana: intambo yokuqondisa enosayizi we-150D/3, 210D/3, no-250D/3 kanye nentambo yenayiloni enosayizi ongu-150D/6, 210D/6, kanye no-250D. /6 (D, i-denier; iyunithi yokulinganisa esetshenziselwa ukunquma ukujiya kwefayibha yemicu ngayinye; izindwangu ezinenani eliphakeme le-denier zivame ukujiya).Khona-ke, sakhetha lezi zintambo ezimbili ezinobukhulu obuhlukene ukuze sizihlanganise zibe inzwa, futhi ubukhulu be-TATSA bugcinwe ku-3 cm ngo-3 cm nenombolo ye-loop engu-16 ku-wale direction kanye ne-10 endleleni yesifundo.Ngakho-ke, kwatholakala izinzwa ezinamaphethini okunitha ayisishiyagalolunye.Inzwa eyenziwe ngentambo yokuqondisa enosayizi ongu-150D/3 kanye nentambo yenayiloni enosayizi ongu-150D/6 iyona mncane kakhulu, futhi inzwa ngentambo yokuqondisa enosayizi ongu-250D/3 kanye nentambo yenayiloni enosayizi ongu-250D/ 6 yayiwugqinsi.Ngaphansi kwesasasa lemishini lika-0.1 kuya ku-7 kPa, ukuphuma kukagesi kulawa maphethini kwaphenywa ngokuhlelekile futhi kwahlolwa, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 3A.Amandla okukhiphayo wama-TATSA ayisishiyagalolunye akhuphuke ngomfutho osetshenzisiwe okhuphukile, ukusuka ku-0.1 ukuya ku-4 kPa.Ngokukhethekile, kuwo wonke amaphethini okunitha, ukucaciswa kwentambo ye-210D/3 yentambo yenayiloni engu-210D/6 kuletha okukhipha ugesi okuphezulu kakhulu futhi kwabonisa ukuzwela okuphezulu kakhulu.Amandla kagesi okukhiphayo abonise ukuthambekela okwandayo ngokukhuphuka kogqinsi be-TATSA (ngenxa yendawo eyanele yokuthintana) kwaze kwaba yilapho i-TATSA ilukwa kusetshenziswa intambo ye-conductive engu-210D/3 kanye nentambo yenayiloni engu-210D/6.Njengoba ukwanda okwengeziwe kogqinsi kungaholela ekumuntshweni kokucindezela kwangaphandle yizintambo, i-voltage ephumayo yehla ngokufanele.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaphawulwa ukuthi endaweni enengcindezi ephansi (<4 kPa), ukuhluka komugqa okuziphathe kahle ku-voltage ephumayo enokucindezela kunikeze ukuzwela kwengcindezi ephakeme okungu-7.84 mV Pa−1.Esifundeni somfutho ophezulu (>4 kPa), ukuzwela kwengcindezi ephansi okungu-0.31 mV Pa−1 kuye kwabonwa ngokuhlolwa ngenxa yokugcwala kwendawo yokungqubuzana okusebenzayo.Ukuzwela okufanayo kwengcindezi kwaboniswa ngesikhathi senqubo ephambene yokusebenzisa amandla.Amaphrofayili wesikhathi sokukhonkolo we-voltage ephumayo kanye namanje ngaphansi kwengcindezi ehlukene avezwa emkhiwaneni.I-S13 (A no-B, ngokulandelana).
(A) I-voltage ephumayo ngaphansi kwamaphethini okunitha ayisishiyagalolunye entambo yokuqondisa (150D/3, 210D/3, kanye no-250D/3) ehlanganiswe nentambo yenayiloni (150D/6, 210D/6, kanye no-250D/6).(B) Ukusabela kwe-voltage ezinombolweni ezihlukene zamayunithi eluphu endaweni yendwangu efanayo lapho kugcinwa inombolo yeluphu ngasendleleni ingashintshiwe.(C) Iziza ezibonisa izimpendulo zemvamisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi eguquguqukayo ye-1 kPa kanye nemvamisa yokufaka ingcindezi ye-1 Hz.(D) Okukhiphayo okuhlukile nama-voltage amanje ngaphansi kwamafrikhwensi ka-1, 5, 10, kanye no-20 Hz.(E) Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-TATSA ngaphansi kwengcindezi engu-1 kPa.(F) Izici zomphumela we-TATSA ngemva kokugeza izikhathi ezingu-20 nezingu-40.
Ukuzwela namandla okukhiphayo nakho kuthonywe ukuminyana kokuthunga kwe-TATSA, okunqunywe inani eliphelele lamaluphu endaweni elinganisiwe yendwangu.Ukwenyuka kwe-stitch density kungaholela ekuhlanganeni okukhulu kwesakhiwo sendwangu.Umdwebo 3B ubonisa ukusebenza okukhiphayo ngaphansi kwezinombolo ezihlukene zeluphu endaweni yendwangu engu-3 cm ngo-3 cm, futhi isisitho sibonisa ukwakheka kweyunithi yeluphu (sigcine inombolo yeluphu endleleni yesifundo iku-10, kanye nenombolo yeluphu endaweni isiqondiso sasingu-12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, kanye no-26).Ngokwandisa inombolo yeluphu, i-voltage ephumayo iqale yabonisa ukuthambekela okwandayo ngenxa yendawo yokuxhumana eyandayo, kuze kube yilapho isiqongo samandla kagesi esiphumayo esingu-7.5 V sinenombolo eyiluphu engu-180. Ngemva kwaleli phuzu, amandla kagesi okukhiphayo alandela inkambiso enciphayo ngoba I-TATSA yaqina, futhi imicu emibili yaba nesikhala esincishisiwe sokuhlukanisa.Ukuhlola ukuthi ukuminyana kunomthelela omkhulu ngakuphi ekuphumeni, sigcine inombolo yeluphu ye-TATSA iqonde ku-wale ku-18, futhi inombolo yeluphu esiqondisweni sesifundo yayimiswe ukuthi ibe ngu-7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, kanye no-14. Ama-voltage okukhiphayo ahambisanayo aboniswa kumfanekiso.S14.Ngokuqhathanisa, singabona ukuthi ukuminyana endleleni yesifundo kunethonya elikhulu ku-voltage yokuphumayo.Njengomphumela walokho, iphethini yokunitha yentambo ye-conductive engu-210D/3 kanye nentambo yenayiloni engu-210D/6 kanye namayunithi ayiluphu angu-180 akhethiwe ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-TATSA ngemva kokuhlolwa okuphelele kwezici zokuphumayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, siqhathanise izimpawu zokuphuma kwezinzwa ezimbili zendwangu kusetshenziswa umthungo ogcwele we-cardigan nomthungo ongenalutho.Njengoba kuboniswe emkhiwaneni.I-S15, ukuphuma kukagesi nokuzwela kusetshenziswa i-cardigan stitch egcwele kuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho kusetshenziswa umthungo ongenalutho.
Isikhathi sokuphendula sokuqapha amasignali esikhathi sangempela silinganisiwe.Ukuze sihlole isikhathi sokuphendula senzwa yethu kumandla angaphandle, siqhathanise amasignali we-voltage okukhiphayo nokufakwa kwengcindezi eguquguqukayo ngemvamisa ye-1 kuya ku-20 Hz (Fig. 3C kanye ne-fig. S16, ngokulandelana).Amagagasi okukhipha amandla kagesi acishe afane namaza okufakwayo okucindezela kwe-sinusoidal ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-1 kPa, futhi amagagasi okukhiphayo abe nesikhathi sokuphendula esisheshayo (cishe ama-20 ms).Le hysteresis ingase ihlotshaniswe nesakhiwo esinwebekayo esingabuyelanga esimweni sokuqala ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuthola amandla angaphandle.Noma kunjalo, le hysteresis encane yamukelekile ekuqashweni kwesikhathi sangempela.Ukuthola ingcindezi eguquguqukayo ngebanga elithile lefrikhwensi, impendulo yemvamisa efanele ye-TATSA ilindelekile.Ngakho-ke, isici sokuvama kwe-TATSA sabuye sahlolwa.Ngokwandisa imvamisa yangaphandle ethokozisayo, i-amplitude ye-voltage ephumayo yahlala icishe ingashintshiwe, kanti i-amplitude yamanje yanda lapho ama-frequencies okuthinta ahluka kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-20 Hz (Fig. 3D).
Ukuze sihlole ukuphindaphinda, ukuzinza, nokuqina kwe-TATSA, sihlole i-voltage ephumayo kanye nezimpendulo zamanje emijikelezweni yokulayisha nokulayishwa kwengcindezi.Ukucindezela kwe-1 kPa nemvamisa ye-5 Hz kusetshenziswe inzwa.I-voltage ye-peak-to-peak kanye yamanje yabhalwa ngemva kwemijikelezo yokulayisha-ukulayisha engu-100,000 (Fig. 3E kanye ne-fig. S17, ngokulandelana).Ukubuka okukhulisiwe kwe-voltage kanye ne-waveform yamanje kuboniswa ku-inset ye-Fig. 3E kanye ne-fig.S17, ngokulandelana.Imiphumela yembula ukuphindaphinda okumangalisayo, ukuzinza, nokuqina kwe-TATSA.Ukuwasha kuphinde kube yinkomba yokuhlola ebalulekile ye-TATSA njengethuluzi lendwangu yonke.Ukuze sihlole ikhono lokugeza, sihlole amandla kagesi enzwa ngemva kokuthi sigeze ngomshini i-TATSA ngokwe-American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) Test Method 135-2017.Inqubo yokugeza enemininingwane ichazwe ku-Materials and Izindlela.Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 3F, ukuphuma kukagesi kwarekhodwa ngemva kokugeza izikhathi ezingu-20 nezikhathi ezingu-40, okwabonisa ukuthi kwakungekho izinguquko ezicacile ze-voltage yokuphuma kuzo zonke izivivinyo zokugeza.Le miphumela iqinisekisa ukushaqeka okumangalisayo kwe-TATSA.Njengenzwa yendwangu egqokekayo, siphinde sahlola ukusebenza kokukhiphayo lapho i-TATSA isesimweni esiqinile (fig. S18), esontekile (i-fig. S19), kanye nezimo zokuswakama ezihlukile (fig. S20).
Ngokwesisekelo sezinzuzo eziningi ze-TATSA eziboniswe ngenhla, sithuthukise uhlelo lokuqapha impilo yeselula olungenantambo (WMHMS), olunamandla okuqhubeka nokuthola amasignali okuphila bese lunikeza isiguli iseluleko sochwepheshe.Umfanekiso 4A ubonisa umdwebo wesikimu we-WMHMS osuselwe ku-TATSA.Uhlelo lunezingxenye ezine: i-TATSA yokuthola amasiginali we-analog physiological, isifunda se-analog conditioning esinesihlungi se-low-pass (MAX7427) kanye ne-amplifier (MAX4465) ukuqinisekisa imininingwane eyanele kanye nokuvumelanisa okuhle kakhulu kwamasignali, i-analog-to-digital. isiguquli esisuselwe kuyunithi yesilawuli esincane ukuze siqoqe futhi siguqule amasignali e-analogi abe amasignali edijithali, kanye nemojuli ye-Bluetooth (CC2640 i-Bluetooth chip yamandla aphansi) ukuze idlulisele isignali yedijithali kuhlelo lokusebenza lwetheminali yeselula (APP; Huawei Honor 9).Kulolu cwaningo, sithunge i-TATSA ngaphandle komthungo ibe ileyisi, ibhande lesandla, indawo yokubeka iminwe, nesokisi, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 4B.
(A) Umfanekiso we-WMHMS.(B) Izithombe zama-TATSA zithungelwe ibhande esihlakaleni, indawo yomunwe, isokisi, nebhande lesifuba, ngokulandelana.Ukulinganisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo ku-(C1) entanyeni, (D1) esihlakaleni, (E1) ichopho lomunwe, kanye (F1) eqakaleni.I-Pulse waveform entanyeni (C2), (D2) esihlakaleni, (E2) ichopho lomunwe, kanye (F2) eqakaleni.(G) Amagagasi we-Pulse weminyaka ehlukene.(H) Ukuhlaziywa kwegagasi elilodwa lokushaya kwenhliziyo.I-Radial augmentation index (AIx) ichazwa ngokuthi i-AIx (%) = P2/P1.I-P1 iyisiqongo samagagasi athuthukayo, futhi i-P2 iyinani eliphakeme lamagagasi abonisiwe.(I) Umjikelezo we-pulse we-brachial kanye neqakala.I-Pulse wave velocity (PWV) ichazwa ngokuthi i-PWV = D/∆T.D ibanga eliphakathi kweqakala kanye ne-brachial.∆T ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi phakathi kweziqongo zeqakala namagagasi e-brachial pulse.I-PTT, isikhathi sokuhamba kwe-pulse.(J) Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-AIx ne-brachial-ankle PWV (BAPWV) phakathi kwama-CAD anempilo nama-CAD.*P <0.01, **P <0.001, kanye ne-***P <0.05.I-HTN, umfutho wegazi ophakeme;I-CHD, isifo senhliziyo;DM, isifo sikashukela.Isithombe sekhredithi: Jin Yang, Chongqing University.
Ukuqapha izimpawu zenhliziyo yezingxenye ezihlukene zomzimba womuntu, sinamathisele imihlobiso eshiwo ngenhla ngama-TATSA ezindaweni ezihambisanayo: intamo (Fig. 4C1), isihlakala (Fig. 4D1), umunwe (Fig. 4E1), kanye neqakala (Fig. 4F1) ), njengoba kuchazwe kumamuvi i-S3 kuya ku-S6.Kwezokwelapha, kunezici ezintathu ezibalulekile kugagasi lokushaya kwenhliziyo: isiqongo segagasi elithuthukayo i-P1, inani eliphakeme lamagagasi abonisiwe i-P2, kanye nesiqongo se-dicrotic wave P3.Izici zalawa maphuzu wesici zibonisa isimo sezempilo sokunwebeka kwe-arterial, ukumelana ne-peripheral, kanye nokufinyela kwe-ventricular yesokunxele okuhlobene nesistimu yenhliziyo.I-pulse waveforms yowesifazane oneminyaka engu-25 ubudala ezikhundleni ezine ezingenhla atholwe futhi aqoshwa esivivinyweni sethu.Qaphela ukuthi amaphuzu amathathu ahlukanisekayo (i-P1 kuya ku-P3) abonwe ku-waveform ye-pulse entanyeni, esihlakaleni, nasezindaweni zomunwe, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 4 (C2 kuya ku-E2).Ngokuphambene, i-P1 ne-P3 kuphela ivele ku-waveform ye-pulse endaweni ye-ankle, futhi i-P2 yayingekho (Fig. 4F2).Lo mphumela udalwe ukuphakama okuphezulu kwegagasi legazi elingenayo elikhishwe i-ventricle yesokunxele kanye namagagasi abonisiwe avela ezithweni ezingezansi (44).Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lukhombisile ukuthi i-P2 yethula ngamagagasi alinganiswa emaphethelweni aphezulu kodwa hhayi eqakaleni (45, 46).Sibone imiphumela efanayo kuma-waveforms alinganiswa ne-TATSA, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kufig.I-S21, ekhombisa idatha ejwayelekile evela kubantu beziguli ezingama-80 ezifundwe lapha.Siyabona ukuthi i-P2 ayizange ivele kulawa magagasi e-pulse akalwe eqakaleni, okubonisa ikhono le-TATSA lokuthola izici ezicashile ngaphakathi kwe-waveform.Le miphumela yokulinganisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo ibonisa ukuthi i-WMHMS yethu ingadalula ngokunembile izici ze-pulse wave yomzimba ongaphezulu nophansi nokuthi iphakeme kuneminye imisebenzi (41, 47).Ukuze siqhubeke sibonise ukuthi i-TATSA yethu ingasetshenziswa kabanzi eminyakeni ehlukene, silinganise amagagasi e-pulse ezihloko ezingu-80 ngeminyaka ehlukene, futhi sabonisa idatha ethile evamile, njengoba kuboniswe kumfanekiso.S22.Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 4G, sikhethe abahlanganyeli abathathu abaneminyaka engu-25, 45, kanye neminyaka engu-65 ubudala, futhi amaphuzu amathathu esici ayesobala kwabahlanganyeli abasha nabaphakathi.Ngokwezincwadi zezokwelapha (48), izici zamagagasi okushaya kwenhliziyo abantu abaningi ziyashintsha njengoba bekhula, njengokunyamalala kwephuzu P2, okubangelwa igagasi elibonisiwe eliqhubekela phambili ukuze lizibeke phezulu phezu kwegagasi elithuthukayo ngokuncipha ukunwebeka kwe-vascular.Lesi simo siphinde sibonakale kumagagasi esiwaqoqile, siphinde siqinisekise ukuthi i-TATSA ingasetshenziswa kubantu abahlukahlukene.
I-Pulse waveform ayithinteki kuphela isimo somzimba womuntu kodwa nezimo zokuhlola.Ngakho-ke, silinganise amasiginali we-pulse ngaphansi kokuqina kokuxhumana okuhlukile phakathi kwe-TATSA nesikhumba (fig. S23) kanye nezindawo zokuthola ezihlukahlukene endaweni yokulinganisa (fig. S24).Kungatholakala ukuthi i-TATSA ingathola amagagasi e-pulse angaguquki ngolwazi olunemininingwane ezungeza umkhumbi endaweni enkulu esebenzayo yokubona endaweni yokulinganisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amasiginali okukhiphayo ahlukile ngaphansi kokuqina kokuxhumana okuhlukile phakathi kwe-TATSA nesikhumba.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunyakaza kwabantu abagqoke izinzwa kuzothinta amasignali we-pulse.Lapho isihlakala sesihloko sisesimweni esimile, i-amplitude ye-pulse waveform etholiwe izinzile (fig. S25A);ngokuphambene, lapho isihlakala sinyakaza kancane nge-engeli ukusuka -70° ukuya ku-70° phakathi nama-30 s, i-amplitude ye-pulse waveform izoshintshashintsha (fig. S25B).Kodwa-ke, i-contour ye-pulse waveform ngayinye iyabonakala, futhi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lisengatholakala ngokunembile.Ngokusobala, ukuze kuzuzwe ukutholwa kwamagagasi okushaya kwenhliziyo okuzinzile ekuhambeni komuntu, umsebenzi owengeziwe ohlanganisa ukwakheka kwezinzwa kanye nokucubungula isignali yangemuva kuyadingeka ukuze kucwaningwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze sihlaziye futhi sihlole ngobuningi isimo sohlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ngokusebenzisa amagagasi e-pulse atholwe sisebenzisa i-TATSA yethu, sethule amapharamitha amabili we-hemodynamic ngokuya ngokucaciswa kokuhlolwa kohlelo lwenhliziyo, okungukuthi, inkomba yokwandisa (AIx) kanye nesivinini se-pulse wave. (PWV), emelela ukunwebeka kwemithambo.Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 4H, i-pulse waveform endaweni yesandla yendoda enempilo eneminyaka engu-25 yasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kwe-AIx.Ngokwefomula (isigaba S1), i-AIx = 60% itholwe, okuyinani elivamile.Bese, ngasikhathi sinye saqoqa amagagasi e-pulse amabili engalweni naseqakaleni zalo mbambiqhaza (indlela enemininingwane yokulinganisa i-pulse waveform ichazwa kokuthi Izinto kanye Nezindlela).Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 4I, amaphuzu wesici se-waveform ye-pulse wave ahlukene.Sabe sesibala i-PWV ngokwefomula (isigaba S1).I-PWV = 1363 cm/s, okuyinani lesici elilindelwe kowesilisa omdala onempilo, itholwe.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, singabona ukuthi amamethrikhi e-AIx noma e-PWV awathintwa umehluko we-amplitude we-pulse waveform, futhi amanani e-AIx ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba ayahlukahluka.Esifundweni sethu, kusetshenziswe i-radial AIx.Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-WMHMS kubantu abahlukene, sikhethe abahlanganyeli be-20 eqenjini elinempilo, i-20 eqenjini le-hypertension (HTN), i-20 eqenjini le-coronary heart disease (CHD) abaneminyaka esukela ku-50 kuya ku-59 ubudala, kanye ne-20 eqenjini. Iqembu le-diabetes mellitus (DM).Silinganise amagagasi okushaya kwenhliziyo futhi saqhathanisa amapharamitha awo amabili, i-AIx ne-PWV, njengoba yethulwe ku-Fig. 4J.Kungatholakala ukuthi amanani e-PWV we-HTN, CHD, namaqembu e-DM abephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo eqembu elinempilo futhi anomehluko wezibalo (PHTN ≪ 0.001, PCHD ≪ 0.001, kanye ne-PDM ≪ 0.001; amanani e-P abalwe ngo-t test).Ngaleso sikhathi, amanani e-AIx weqembu le-HTN ne-CHD abephansi uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elinempilo futhi anomehluko wezibalo (PHTN <0.01, PCHD <0.001, kanye ne-PDM <0.05).I-PWV ne-AIx yabahlanganyeli abane-CHD, i-HTN, noma i-DM yayiphezulu kunalabo abaseqenjini elinempilo.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-TATSA iyakwazi ukuthola ngokunembile i-pulse waveform ukuze ibale ipharamitha yenhliziyo ukuze ihlole isimo sempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.Sengiphetha, ngenxa yezici zayo ezingenazintambo, ukulungiswa okuphezulu, izici ezizwela kakhulu nokunethezeka, i-WMHMS esekelwe ku-TATSA inikeza enye indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu yokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kunemishini yezokwelapha ebizayo yamanje esetshenziswa ezibhedlela.
Ngaphandle kwegagasi lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ulwazi lokuphefumula luphinde luwuphawu olubalulekile olusiza ukuhlola isimo somzimba somuntu.Ukuqapha ukuphefumula okusekelwe ku-TATSA yethu kukhanga kakhulu kune-polysomnography evamile ngoba ingahlanganiswa ngaphandle komthungo ezingutsheni ukuze ikhululeke kangcono.Ithungelwe ibhande lesifuba elinwebekayo elimhlophe, i-TATSA yayiboshwe ngokuqondile emzimbeni womuntu futhi yavikelwa esifubeni ukuze kuqashwe ukuphefumula (Fig. 5A ne-movie S7).I-TATSA ikhubazekile ngokunwetshwa nokufinyezwa kwe-ribcage, okuholela ekuphumeni kukagesi.I-waveform etholiwe iqinisekiswa ku-Fig. 5B.Isignali enokuguquguquka okukhulu (i-amplitude engu-1.8 V) nezinguquko zezikhathi (imvamisa engu-0.5 Hz) ihambisane nokunyakaza kokuphefumula.Isignali yokuguquguquka okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa yayibekwe phezulu kulesi siginali enkulu yokuguquguquka, okwakuyisignali yokushaya kwenhliziyo.Ngokwezici zemvamisa yezimpawu zokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo, sisebenzise isihlungi se-low-pass esingu-0.8-Hz kanye nesihlungi se-band-pass engu-0.8- kuya ku-20-Hz ukuze sihlukanise amasignali okuphefumula nenhliziyo, ngokulandelana, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 5C. .Kulokhu, amasignali okuphefumula okuzinzile kanye neshayela enolwazi oluningi lwe-physiological (njengezinga lokuphefumula, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye namaphuzu wesici segagasi lokushaya kwenhliziyo) atholwe kanyekanye futhi ngokunembile ngokubeka i-TATSA eyodwa esifubeni.
(A) Isithombe esibonisa ukuboniswa kwe-TATSA ebekwe esifubeni ukuze kukale isiginali kungcindezi ehambisana nokuphefumula.(B) Isakhiwo sesikhathi sikagesi se-TATSA sibekwe esifubeni.(C) Ukubola kwesignali (B) ekushayeni kwenhliziyo kanye nefomu lamagagasi okuphefumula.(D) Isithombe esibonisa ama-TATSA amabili abekwe esiswini nasesihlakaleni ukuze kukale ukuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo, ngokulandelana, ngesikhathi sokulala.(E) Izimpawu zokuphefumula nezishaya ngamandla zomhlanganyeli onempilo.HR, ukushaya kwenhliziyo;BPM, amabhithi ngomzuzu.(F) Amasignali okuphefumula kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo komhlanganyeli we-SAS.(G) Isignali yokuphefumula kanye ne-PTT yombambiqhaza onempilo.(H) Isignali yokuphefumula kanye ne-PTT yombambiqhaza we-SAS.(I) Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-PTT arousal index kanye ne-apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).Ikhredithi yesithombe: Wenjing Fan, Chongqing University.
Ukufakazela ukuthi inzwa yethu ingakwazi ukuqapha ngokunembile nangokuthembekile amasiginali wokuphefumula nokuphefumula, senze isilingo ukuze siqhathanise imiphumela yesilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo nezimpawu zokuphefumula phakathi kwama-TATSA ethu nethuluzi lezokwelapha elijwayelekile (MHM-6000B), njengoba kuchazwe kumamuvi S8. kanye s9.Esilinganisweni sokushaya kwegagasi, inzwa yesithombe kagesi yensimbi yezokwelapha yayigqokwe emunweni wokukhomba wentombazane osemncane, kanti ngaleso sikhathi, i-TATSA yethu yayigqokwe emunweni wayo wokukhomba wesokudla.Kusuka kumagagasi omsindo we-pulse atholiwe, singabona ukuthi ama-contours awo nemininingwane ayefana, okubonisa ukuthi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okukalwe yi-TATSA kunembe njengalokho ngethuluzi lezokwelapha.Esilinganisweni segagasi lokuphefumula, ama-electrode e-electrocardiographic amahlanu axhunywe ezindaweni ezinhlanu emzimbeni wensizwa ngokusho komyalelo wezokwelapha.Ngokuphambene, i-TATSA eyodwa kuphela eyayiboshwe ngokuqondile emzimbeni futhi ivikelekile esifubeni.Kusukela kumasiginali okuphefumula aqoqiwe, kungabonakala ukuthi ukuthambekela okuhlukile nezinga lesiginali yokuphefumula etholwe yi-TATSA yethu bekuhambisana nalokho ngethuluzi lezokwelapha.Lezi zivivinyo ezimbili zokuqhathanisa ziqinisekise ukunemba, ukwethembeka, kanye nokuba lula kwesistimu yethu yezinzwa yokuqapha amasiginali wokuphefumula nokuphefumula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, senze ucezu lwezingubo ezihlakaniphile futhi sathunga ama-TATSA amabili esiswini nasezihlakaleni ukuze aqaphe amasignali okuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo, ngokulandelana.Ngokukhethekile, i-WMHMS ethuthukisiwe ye-dual-channel yasetshenziswa ukuthwebula amasiginali wokuphefumula kanye nokuphefumula kanyekanye.Ngalesi simiso, sithole izimpawu zokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo kwendoda eneminyaka engu-25 ubudala egqoke izingubo zethu ezihlakaniphile ngenkathi ilele (Fig. 5D ne-movie S10) futhi ihlezi (fig. S26 ne-movie S11).Amasignali atholiwe okuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo angadluliselwa ngokungenantambo ku-APP yeselula.Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-TATSA inamandla okuthwebula amasignali okuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo.Lezi zimpawu ezimbili zomzimba nazo ziyimibandela yokulinganisa i-SAS ngokwezokwelapha.Ngakho-ke, i-TATSA yethu ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuqapha nokuhlola ikhwalithi yokulala kanye nokuphazamiseka kokulala okuhlobene.Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 5 (E no-F, ngokulandelana), saqhubeka silinganisa i-pulse kanye namagagasi okuphefumula okuphefumula kwabahlanganyeli ababili, onempilo kanye nesiguli esine-SAS.Kumuntu ongenayo i-apnea, izinga lokuphefumula elilinganiselwe nelokushaya kwenhliziyo lihlale lizinzile ku-15 no-70, ngokulandelana.Esigulini esine-SAS, i-apnea ehlukile ye-24 s, eyinkomba yesehlakalo sokuphefumula esivimbelayo, futhi ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwenyuke kancane ngemva kwesikhathi sokuphelelwa umoya ngenxa yokulawulwa kwesimiso sezinzwa (49).Kafushane, isimo sokuphefumula singahlolwa yi-TATSA yethu.
Ukuze siqhubeke sihlola uhlobo lwe-SAS ngokusebenzisa ishayela kanye nezimpawu zokuphefumula, sihlaziye isikhathi sokuhamba kwe-pulse (PTT), inkomba engahlaseli ekhombisa izinguquko ekuphikisweni kwemithambo ye-peripheral kanye nengcindezi ye-intrathoracic (echazwe esigabeni S1) sendoda enempilo nesiguli SAS.Kumhlanganyeli onempilo, izinga lokuphefumula lahlala lingashintshiwe, futhi i-PTT yayizinzile kusukela ku-180 kuya ku-310 ms (Fig. 5G).Nokho, kubahlanganyeli be-SAS, i-PTT yanda ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka ku-120 kuya ku-310 ms phakathi ne-apnea (Fig. 5H).Ngakho-ke, umhlanganyeli watholakala ene-obstructive SAS (OSAS).Uma ushintsho ku-PTT lwehla ngesikhathi se-apnea, khona-ke isimo sizonqunywa njenge-central sleep apnea syndrome (CSAS), futhi uma zombili lezi zimpawu ezimbili zikhona ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuzotholakala ukuthi i-SAS (MSAS) exubile.Ukuhlola ubukhali be-SAS, siphinde sahlaziya amasignali aqoqiwe.I-PTT arousal index, okuyinombolo ye-PTT arousal ngehora (i-PTT arousal ichazwa njengokuwa kwe-PTT engu-≥15 ms ehlala isikhathi eside ≥3 s), idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni izinga le-SAS.Inkomba ye-apnea-hypopnea (AHI) iyindinganiso yokunquma izinga le-SAS (i-apnea ukuphela kokuphefumula, futhi i-hypopnea ukuphefumula okungashoni kakhulu noma izinga lokuphefumula eliphansi ngokungavamile), elichazwa njengenani le-apneas kanye ne-hyopnea ngayinye. ihora ngesikhathi ulele (ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-AHI nemibandela yokulinganisa ye-OSAS iboniswa kuthebula S2).Ukuze kuphenywe ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-AHI kanye nenkomba yokuvusa inkanuko ye-PTT, izimpawu zokuphefumula zeziguli ezingama-20 ezine-SAS zakhethwa futhi zahlaziywa ngama-TATSA.Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 5I, inkomba yokuvusa i-PTT ihlotshaniswa kahle ne-AHI, njengoba i-apnea ne-hyopnea ngesikhathi sokulala kubangela ukuphakama okusobala nokudlulayo komfutho wegazi, okuholela ekwehleni kwe-PTT.Ngakho-ke, i-TATSA yethu ingathola ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuzinzile nokunembile kanye namasiginali wokuphefumula ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze ulwazi olubalulekile lokwakheka komzimba kuhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye ne-SAS yokuqapha nokuhlolwa kwezifo ezihlobene.
Kafushane, sithuthukise i-TATSA sisebenzisa umthungo we-cardigan ogcwele ukuze sithole amasiginali ahlukene okuphila ngesikhathi esisodwa.Le nzwa ibonise ukuzwela okuphezulu kwe-7.84 mV Pa−1, isikhathi sokuphendula esisheshayo esingu-20 ms, ukuzinza okuphezulu kwemijikelezo engu-100,000, kanye nomkhawulokudonsa obanzi wokusebenza.Ngokwesisekelo se-TATSA, i-WMHMS nayo yasungulwa ukuze idlulisele amapharamitha okuphila alinganiselwe kumakhalekhukhwini.I-TATSA ingafakwa kumasayithi ahlukene wezingubo zokwakheka kobuhle futhi isetshenziselwe ukuqapha ngasikhathi sinye ukushaya kwenhliziyo nezimpawu zokuphefumula ngesikhathi sangempela.Uhlelo lungasetshenziswa ukusiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabantu abanempilo kanye nalabo abane-CAD noma i-SAS ngenxa yekhono layo lokuthwebula imininingwane enemininingwane.Lolu cwaningo lunikeze indlela enethezekile, ephumelelayo, nesebenziseka kalula yokulinganisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula komuntu, emele intuthuko ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bendwangu obugqokekayo.
Insimbi engagqwali yayidluliswa ngokuphindaphindiwe esikhunjeni futhi yelulwe ukuze yakhe i-fiber enobubanzi obuyi-10 μm.I-fiber yensimbi engagqwali njengoba i-electrode yafakwa ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa zezintambo zeTerylene ezine-ply eyodwa.
I-function generator (i-Stanford DS345) kanye ne-amplifier (LabworkPa-13) yasetshenziselwa ukunikeza isignali yengcindezi ye-sinusoidal.Inzwa yamandla ehlukene kabili (i-Vernier Software & Technology LLC) isetshenziswe ukukala ingcindezi yangaphandle esetshenziswe ku-TATSA.I-electrometer yesistimu ye-Keithley (Keithley 6514) yasetshenziswa ukuze kuqashwe futhi kuqoshwe i-voltage ephumayo kanye neyamanje ye-TATSA.
Ngokuya Nge-AATCC Test Method 135-2017, sisebenzise i-TATSA ne-ballast eyanele njengomthwalo ongu-1.8-kg sabe sesizifaka emshinini wokuthengisa izingubo (Labtex LBT-M6T) ukuze senze imijikelezo ethambile yokuwasha imishini.Khona-ke, sagcwalisa umshini wokuhlanza ngamalitha angu-18 wamanzi ku-25 ° C futhi sibeka i-washer yomjikelezo okhethiwe wokugeza kanye nesikhathi (isivinini sokuyaluza, imivimbo engu-119 ngomzuzu; isikhathi sokugeza, i-6 min; isivinini sokugcina sokugcina, i-430 rpm; okokugcina; okokugcina isikhathi sokujikeleza, imizuzu emi-3).Okokugcina, i-TATSA yalengiswa emoyeni onganyakazi ezingeni lokushisa elingekho ngaphezu kuka-26°C.
Izifundo zaziyalelwe ukuthi zilale phansi phezu kombhede.I-TATSA yafakwa kumasayithi wokulinganisa.Uma izifundo sezisesimweni esijwayelekile sangemuva, zagcina isimo sokukhululeka ngokuphelele imizuzu emi-5 kuye kweyi-10.Isignali yepulse yabe isiqala ukukala.
Izinto ezengeziwe zalesi sihloko zitholakala kokuthi https://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/6/11/eaay2840/DC1
Isifanekiso S9.Umphumela wokulingisa wokusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-TATSA ngaphansi kwengcindezi esetshenziswayo engu-0.2 kPa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-COMSOL.
Umfanekiso we-S10.Imiphumela yokulingisa yokusabalalisa kwamandla eyunithi yokuxhumana ngaphansi kwengcindezi esetshenzisiwe ku-0.2 no-2 kPa, ngokulandelanayo.
Isifanekiso S11.Qedela imidwebo eyisikimu yokudluliswa kwenkokhiso yeyunithi yokuxhumana ngaphansi kwezimo zesifunda esifushane.
Umfanekiso we-S13.I-voltage ephumayo eqhubekayo kanye neyamanje ye-TATSA ekuphenduleni ingcindezi yangaphandle esetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo emjikelezweni wokulinganisa.
Umfanekiso we-S14.Ukusabela kwe-voltage ezinombolweni ezihlukene zamayunithi eluphu endaweni yendwangu efanayo lapho kugcinwa inombolo yeluphu ngasendleleni ingashintshiwe.
Umfanekiso we-S15.Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kokusebenza kokukhiphayo kwezinzwa ezimbili zendwangu kusetshenziswa umthungo we-cardigan ogcwele kanye nomthungo ongenalutho.
Umfanekiso we-S16.Iziza ezibonisa izimpendulo zemvamisa kungcindezi eguquguqukayo ye-1 kPa kanye nemvamisa yokufaka ingcindezi engu-3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18, kanye no-20 Hz.
Umfanekiso we-S25.Ama-voltage okukhiphayo wenzwa lapho isihloko sikuzimo ezimile nezinyakazayo.
Isifanekiso S26.Isithombe esibonisa ama-TATSA abekwe esiswini nasesihlakaleni kanyekanye ukuze kukale ukuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo, ngokulandelana.
Lena indatshana yokufinyelela evulekile esatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwemigomo yelayisensi ye-Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommerce, evumela ukusetshenziswa, ukusatshalaliswa, nokukhiqizwa kabusha kunoma iyiphi imidiya, inqobo nje uma ukusetshenziswa okuwumphumela kungekona okokuhweba futhi inqobo nje uma umsebenzi wokuqala ufanelekile. ikhonjiwe.
QAPHELA: Sicela ikheli lakho le-imeyili kuphela ukuze umuntu omncomayo ikhasi azi ukuthi ubufuna alibone, nokuthi aliyona i-imeyili eyimfucuza.Asithathi noma yiliphi ikheli le-imeyili.
Ngu-Wenjing Fan, Qiang He, Keyu Meng, Xulong Tan, Zhihao Zhou, Gaoqiang Zhang, Jin Yang, Zhong Lin Wang
Inzwa ye-triboelectric all-textile ene-high pressure sensitivity nokunethezeka yenzelwe ukuqapha impilo.
Ngu-Wenjing Fan, Qiang He, Keyu Meng, Xulong Tan, Zhihao Zhou, Gaoqiang Zhang, Jin Yang, Zhong Lin Wang
Inzwa ye-triboelectric all-textile ene-high pressure sensitivity nokunethezeka yenzelwe ukuqapha impilo.
© 2020 Inhlangano YaseMelika Yokuthuthukiswa Kwesayensi.Wonke Amalungelo Agodliwe.I-AAAS inguzakwethu we-HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef kanye ne-COUNTER.Science Advances ISSN 2375-2548.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-27-2020