Izinhlelo zokusebenza, izincwadi, amamuvi, umculo, izinhlelo ze-TV, nobuciko kukhuthaza abantu bethu abanobuhlakani obukhulu ebhizinisini kule nyanga.
Ithimba eliwine imiklomelo lezintatheli, abaklami, nabathwebuli bevidiyo abaxoxa izindaba zomkhiqizo ngelensi ehlukile ye-Fast Company.
I-Beachcombing sekuyisikhathi eside iyingxenye yempilo yemiphakathi yaseziqhingini.Onqenqemeni oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Scarp, isiqhingi esincane, esingenasihlahla ngasogwini lwase-Harris e-Outer Hebrides yaseScotland, i-Mol Mòr (“ubhishi olukhulu”) yilapho abantu bendawo babehamba khona beyotheza izinkuni zokulungisa izakhiwo nokwenza ifenisha namabhokisi.Namuhla kusekhona i-driftwood eminingi, kodwa ipulasitiki eningi noma ngaphezulu.
I-Scarp yashiywa ngo-1972. Lesi siqhingi manje sisetshenziswa kuphela ehlobo ngabanikazi benani elincane lezindlu zamaholide.Kodwa kulo lonke elase-Harris kanye nelakwa-Hebrides, abantu bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa ngendlela engokoqobo neyokuhlobisa izinto zepulasitiki ezibekwe ogwini.Imizi eminingi izoba namabhuoy ambalwa kanye nama-trawler antantayo alenga ezintangweni nasezinsikeni zesango.Ipayipi lePVC lepulasitiki elimnyama, elitholakala kakhulu elivela emapulazini ezinhlanzi acekelwe phansi yiziphepho, livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthulula indledlana yezinyawo noma ligcwaliswe ukhonkolo futhi lisetshenziswe njengezigxobo zocingo.Ipayipi elikhudlwana lingahlukaniswa ngobude ukwenza imisele yokudla yezinkomo zasezintabeni ezidumile.
Intambo kanye nenethi kusetshenziswa njengezinqamuli moya noma ukuvimbela ukuguguleka komhlabathi.Izakhamuzi eziningi zaseziqhingini zisebenzisa amabhokisi ezinhlanzi—amabhokisi epulasitiki amakhulu agezelelwe ogwini—ukuze ziwagcine.Futhi kukhona imboni encane yemisebenzi yezandla ephinde isebenzise izinto ezitholakele njengezikhumbuzo zabavakashi, iguqule ipulasitiki ibe yinoma yini kusukela kokuphakelayo izinyoni kuya kwezinkinobho.
Kodwa lokhu kukama ebhishi, ukugaywa kabusha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto ezinkulu zepulasitiki akukhuzi ngisho ubuso benkinga.Izingcezwana ezincane zepulasitiki okunzima ukuziqoqa zinamathuba amaningi okuthi zingene ochungechungeni lokudla noma zidonswe olwandle.Iziphepho ezinqamula osebeni lwemifula ngokuvamile ziveza isayensi yokwakheka komhlaba yepulasitiki ethusayo, enezingqimba zezingcezu zepulasitiki enhlabathini ngamamitha ambalwa ngaphansi komhlaba.
Imibiko ekhombisa izinga lokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki ezilwandle zomhlaba isisabalele kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule.Izilinganiso zenani lepulasitiki elingena olwandle unyaka ngamunye lisukela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-8 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-12, nakuba ingekho indlela yokulinganisa lokhu ngokunembile.
Akuyona inkinga entsha: Omunye wezakhamuzi zasesiqhingini osechithe iminyaka engu-35 eholidini e-Scarp uthe izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezitholakala e-Mol Mòr sezinciphile kusukela iDolobha laseNew York layeka ukulahla udoti olwandle ngo-1994. Kodwa kuye kwancipha ukuhlukahlukana kwe ngaphezu kokumataniswa nokwanda kwenani: Uhlelo lwe-BBC Radio 4 olubiza umhlaba lwabika ngo-2010 ukuthi udoti wepulasitiki emabhishi uphindwe kabili kusukela ngo-1994.
Ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngepulasitiki yasolwandle kugqugquzele imizamo yendawo yokugcina amabhishi ehlanzekile.Kodwa inani lokulahlwa okuqoqwe libeka umbuzo wokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ngakho.Isithombe sepulasitiki sasolwandle siwohloka ngokuchayeka isikhathi eside elangeni, ngezinye izikhathi kwenze kube nzima ukusibona, futhi kube nzima ukusigaya kabusha njengoba singcoliswe usawoti futhi ngokuvamile kukhula impilo yasolwandle phezu kwawo.Ezinye izindlela zokugaywa kabusha zingaphumelela kuphela ngesilinganiso esiphezulu sepulasitiki yasolwandle engu-10% kuya ku-90% wepulasitiki evela emithonjeni yasekhaya.
Amaqembu endawo ngezinye izikhathi asebenza ndawonye ukuze aqoqe inqwaba yepulasitiki emabhishi, kodwa kuziphathimandla zendawo inselele iwukuba zingabhekana kanjani nezinto eziyinkinga okunzima noma okungenakwenzeka ukuzisebenzisa kabusha.Okunye ukulahlwa kukadoti ngemali elinganiselwa ku-$100 ngethani ngalinye.Umfundisi nomenzi wobucwebe u-Kathy Vones kanye nami sihlole amandla okusebenzisa kabusha ipulasitiki yasolwandle njengento eluhlaza yamaphrinta e-3D, aziwa ngokuthi i-filament.
Isibonelo, i-polypropylene (PP) ingagaywa kalula futhi ibe nokwakheka, kodwa kufanele ixutshwe 50:50 ne-polylactide (PLA) ukuze kugcinwe ukuvumelana okudingwa yiphrinta.Ukuxuba izinhlobo zamapulasitiki ezinjengalezi kuyisinyathelo esibuyela emuva, ngomqondo wokuthi ziba nzima kakhulu ukugaywa kabusha, kodwa lokho thina nabanye esikufunda ngokuphenya okungase kube ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kungase kusivumele ukuthi sithathe izinyathelo ezimbili eziya phambili esikhathini esizayo.Amanye amapulasitiki olwandle afana ne-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) kanye ne-high-density polyethelene (HDPE) nawo afanelekile.
Enye indlela engiyibhekile kwakuwukuncibilikisa intambo ye-polypropylene phezu komlilo futhi ngiyisebenzise emshinini othuthukisiwe wokubumba umjovo.Kodwa le nqubo yayinezinkinga ngokugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele, kanye nentuthu enobuthi nayo.
Umsunguli wamaDashi iphrojekthi kaBoyan Slat's Ocean Cleanup ibe nesifiso esikhulu kakhulu, ihlose ukubuyisa u-50% we-Great Pacific Garbage Patch eminyakeni emihlanu inetha elikhulu elilengisiwe ku-boom evuthelayo elibamba ipulasitiki bese liyidonsela endaweni yokuqoqa.Kodwa-ke, iphrojekthi ihlangabezane nobunzima, futhi noma kunjalo izoqoqa izingcezu ezinkulu kuphela phezulu.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi iningi lepulasitiki yasolwandle liyizinhlayiya ezingaphansi kuka-1 mm ngosayizi ezilengiswe kukholomu yamanzi, nokho ipulasitiki eningi ecwila phansi olwandle.
Lokhu kuzodinga izixazululo ezintsha.Ukususa inqwaba yepulasitiki endaweni kuyinkinga ekhathazayo ezoba nathi amakhulu eminyaka.Sidinga imizamo eqotho ehlanganyelwe yosopolitiki nezimboni kanye nemibono emisha—yonke engekho njengamanje.
U-Ian Lambert uyisekela likaprofesa wokuklama e-Edinburgh Napier University.Lesi sihloko sishicilelwe kabusha kusukela ku-Ingxoxo ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Creative Commons.Funda isihloko sokuqala.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-30-2019